What is psychology?
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Behaviors are ___
visible
mental processes examples are
thoughts and feelings
psychology comes out of what science?
philosophy
Who is the greek philosopher that influenced psychology?
Aristotle
Who was the French philosopher that influenced psychology ?
Rene Decartes
interactive dualism is what?
the idea that mind and body were separate entities that interact to
produce sensation, emotion and other conscious experiences.
What is nature vs nurture?
influences heredity vs environmental factors, interaction between
limitations:
institution, observation, and logic; did not test systematically
physiology:
study of the structure and function of the human body
In the 1600s,
physiologists were becoming more interested in the human brain and
its relation to behavior
in the 1700's,
discovered that damage to one side of the brain produces loss in
function in the opposite side of the body
In the 1800's,
idea that different brain areas were related to different behavioral functions
Father of Psychology, or founder of psychology:
Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt focused on what?
conscious processes such as mental reaction time
Wundt published what in 1874?
Principles of physiological psychology
in 1879 what did Wundt do?
opened the first psychological lab at the University of Leipzig
Structuralism :
most complex conscious experiences could be broken down into
elemental structures or component parts
introspection:
process of looking inward, looking backwards
Who developed the approach of structuralism?
Edward B. Titchener
Functionalism
stressed the importance of how behavior functions to allow people and
animals to adapt to their environment
what did James publish in 1890
Principles of Psychology
Who developed the idea of functionalism?
William James
G. Stanley Halls
recieved first Ph.D. in psychology awarded in USA
founded first psychology research lab in America at John Hopkins
in 1883 founded the American Psychological Association and
was the first president Student of William James
Mary Whiton Calkins
Harvard refused to grant her the Ph.D. degree because she was a
woman. Student of William James
Margaret Floy Washburn
First woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology Student of
WIlliam James
who focused on the unconscious ?
Sigmund Freud
psychoanalysis:
emphasized the role of the unconscious conflicts in determining
behavior and personality
what three things did Freud focus on?
Early childhood experiences
unconscious experiences
psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
study of behaviors
behaviorism :
school of psychology and theoretical viewpoints that emphasizes the
study of observable behaviors especially as they pertain to the
process of learning
who were behaviorists ?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
who were the psychoanalysis?
sigmund freud
who were the structuralists?
Edward B. Titchener
who were the functionalists?
William James
who studied mental reaction times?
Wilhelm Wundt
who were James' students?
G. Stanley Hall, Mary Whiton Calkins, and Margaret Floy Washburn
What dominated psychology the first 50 years?
Behaviorism
What is the third force?
humanistic psychology
what is the bridge between psychoanalysis and behaviorism ?
humanistic psychology
humanistic psychology :
school of psychology and theoretical viewpoints that emphasizes each
person's unique potential for psychological growth and self- direction
Human Psychology
potential for growth and development
who were the two humanistic psychologists?
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow