The Carbonari
Revolts in Naples (1820) and Piedmont (1821) chrushed by Austria
Young Italy
Mazzini's 1831
Pope Pius IX Allocution
29 April 1848
Josef Radetzky
Piedmont defeated on March 1849 in Custoza
Venice last revolutionary stronghold
fell 24th August 1849
Statuto
March 1848