Old Testament
Jewish foundation of the bible
New Testament
teachings of Jesus Christ, central beliefs of Christianity
Gospels
Matthew, Mark, Luke, & John
writers of 4 gospels, each provide a different version of the life
and teachings of Jesus Christ
Epistles
St. Paul's letters to the newly-formed Christian communities
Acts of the Apostles
documents the establishment of Christianity
Book of Revelation
St. John's description of the apocalypse, the end of earthly time
Vulgate
Latin translation of the bible
Tituli
official Christian homes where members of the faith reenact the last supper
Transubstantiation
when the bread and wine miraculously become the blood and flesh of Christ
Tetrarchy
literally means "rule of 4" emerged under
Emperor Diocletian, ruler of the Roman Empire there was an
"Augustus" in the Eastern & Western Empire, each
designated a co-ruler, titled "Caesar"
Edict of Milan
Religious Tolerance issued by Constantine
push out of Pagan belief system, allowed religious followers of
other faiths to practice
Pax Romana
a period of relative peace that existed under constantine
Catacombs
underground cemeteries with narrow passageways
Loculi
niches carved into the wall to hold the deceased
Traditio Legis
Handing down of the law" or "Giving of the law
Iconographer
artist familiar with the conventions of traditional religious imagery
and sacred text who could translate these into works of art
Clerestory
a "Clear story" or a story of windows (architecture in a church)
Apse
semi-circular space housing the clergy and the altar
Triforium
covered space formed by the sloping roofs over the aisles (above the
colonnade, blocks the view of the roof structure)
Triumphial Arch
�juncture of apse with nave wall,� over the altar; separates
congregation from clergy, symbolizes the triumph of Christ overcoming
death; usually heavily decorated
Baldachino/Ciborium
canopy over the altar, serves to direct focus
Martyria
shrines dedicated to martyrs, constructed to protect relics
Ambulatory
a walkway encircling the apse, allowed worshipers to walk around
altar and view relics, yet protected relics (similar to a fence at the zoo)
Palm Leaf (symbol)
symbol of Victory
Dove (symbol)
Holy Spirit
Anchor (Symbol)
Hope
Cross (symbol)
typically disgused as:
the mast of Jonah's ship, an anchor the
Egyptian ankh
Fish (symbol)
Christ disciples of Christ as "fishers of
men" baptism
Phionex (symbol)
Rebirth/Christ's Resurrection
Lamb (symbol)
sacrifice Christ as the Good Shepherd
Christ's flock of followers
Peacock (symbol)
immortality/resurrection
Swan (symbol)
Grace and Purity
Goose (symbol)
Holy Spirit geese have good sense of smell and can
find men who are followers of Christianity
Trophy
identifies places of burial a shrine commemorating a
martyr
Old St. Peter's Basilica
built in the traditional basilica style, longitudinal structure with
long nave and apse at one end. They added the transept (makes it the
shape of a cross from an aerial view)
Transept
space available to clergy and pilgrims a hall as wide
and as tall as the nave, projects beyond the side aisles (makes
aerial view of cross-shaped church)
Theotokos
literally means "Mother of God" recognizes
Mary's role as the "Queen of Heaven"
Oratory
small chapel used for private worship typically
commissioned by a ruler/the wealthy