. Georgia History: Overview
Georgia was the last of the thirteen colonies to be founded. Its formation came a half century after the twelfth British colony.Georgia was the only colony founded and ruled by a Board of Trustees, which was based in London.
Mississippian Period: Overview
(A.D. 800-1600), complex native cultures, organized as chiefdoms, emerged and developed lifeways in response to the particular features of their physical surroundings.
Chiefdoms
a specific kind of human social organization with social ranking as a fundamental part of their structure. In ranked societies people belonged to one of two groupings, elites or commoners.
Difference between elites and commoners in chiefdoms
rested more on ideological and religious beliefs than on such things as wealth or military power.
Purpose of mounds in Mississippian culture
capitals of chiefdoms, platforms for buildings, as stages for religious and social activities, and as cemeteries.
Hernando de Soto
The first European to explore the interior of what is now the state of Georgia
discovered the true way the Indians lived, but devastated their societies with the plague and small pox
Spanish Missions
the primary means by which Georgia's chiefdoms were assimilated into the Spanish colonial system
five friars were murdered in the Guale rebellion of 1597, northern missions were abandoned completely until 1604.
James Oglethorpe (1696-1785)
Conceived of and implemented his plan to establish the colony of Georgia.
Yamacraw Indians
a small band that existed from the late 1720s to the mid-1740s in the Savannah area. First led by Tomochichi and then by his nephew and heir Toonahowi, they consisted of about 200 people and contained a mix of Lower Creeks and Yamasees.
Malcontents
Among those to voice displeasure with the policies of General James Oglethorpe and the Georgia Trustees during the early years of Georgia's settlement.
Lead by:
Patrick Tailfer
Thomas Stephens.
Tomochichi
chief of the Yamacraw Indians, principal mediator between the native population and the new English settlers during the first years of settlement
Royal Georgia
The period between the termination of Trustee governance of Georgia and the colony's declaration of independence at the beginning of the American Revolution
Battle of Bloody Marsh
This event was the only Spanish attempt to invade Georgia during the War of Jenkins' Ear, and it resulted in a significant ENGLISH VICTORY.
English and Spanish forces skirmished on St. Simons Island
James Wright
The third and LAST royal governor of Georgia. Played a key role in retarding the flame of revolution in Georgia long after it had flared violently in every other colony.
Salzburgers
a group of German-speaking Protestant colonists, founded the town of Ebenezer in what is now Effingham County.
Rice
Georgia's first staple crop, the most important commercial agricultural commodity in the Lowcountry from the middle of the eighteenth century until the early twentieth century.
Mary Musgrove (ca. 1700-ca. 1763)
Known as Coosaponakeesa among the Creek Indians, served as a cultural liaison between colonial Georgia and her Native American community in the mid-eighteenth century.
Revolutionary War in Georgia
The colony had prospered under royal rule, and many Georgians thought that they needed the protection of British troops against a possible Indian attack. Georgia did not send representatives to the First Continental Congress that met in Philadelphia,
Button Gwinnett (1735-1777)
one of three Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence. He served in Georgia's colonial legislature, in the Second Continental Congress, and as president of Georgia's Revolutionary Council of Safety.
Lachlan McIntosh (1727-1806)
a member of a prominent eighteenth-century Scottish Highland family that was among the earliest settlers of the Georgia colony, played an important role in the cause of American independence.
Yazoo Land Fraud
In 1789 the legislature sold about 25 million acres to three companies, only to torpedo the sale six months later by insisting that payment be made in gold and silver rather than in depreciated paper currency.
Major Ridge (ca. 1771-1839)
The Cherokee leader is primarily known for signing the Treaty of New Echota (1835), which led to the Trail of Tears. Before this tragic period in Cherokee history, however, he was one of the most prominent leaders of the Cherokee nation.
Eli Whitney in Georgia
Invented the cotton gin in Georgia. This revolutionized the southern economy and deepened the region's commitment to slave labor and ultimately placed the country on the path to the Civil War (1861-65).
Nancy Hart (ca. 1735-1830)
Georgia's most acclaimed female participant during the Revolutionary War (1775-83). A devout patriot, Hart gained notoriety during the revolution for her determined efforts to rid the area of Tories, English soldiers, and British sympathizers.
Slavery in Revolutionary Georgia
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War of 1812 and Georgia
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Cherokee Removal
In 1838 and 1839 U.S. troops, prompted by the state of Georgia, expelled the Cherokee Indians from their ancestral homeland in the Southeast and removed them to the Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma. Product of the demand for arable land during the
Gold Rush
late 1829 north Georgia, known at the time as the Cherokee Nation, was flooded by thousands of prospectors lusting for gold. Niles' Register reported in the spring of 1830 that there were four thousand miners working along Yahoola Creek alone.
Cotton
From the late eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century, there was no more important single factor in Georgia's agricultural economy
William Harris Crawford
A two-time U.S. presidential nominee and the only Georgian to run for the presidency prior to Jimmy Carter
best known nationally for his 1824 bid for the presidency, the most controversial presidential election
served as a U.S. senator, cabinet member und
John Ross
principal chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1827, following the establishment of a government modeled on that of the United States
Wilson Lumpkin (1783-1870)
his major accomplishment was his cardinal role in the removal of the Cherokee Indians from north Georgia. one of Georgia's most prominent political leaders of the antebellum period. After early service in local government and the state legislature, he was
Sequoyah (ca. 1770-ca. 1840)
the legendary creator of the Cherokee syllabary.
Howell Cobb (1815-1868)
served as congressman, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, governor of Georgia, and secretary of the treasury.
Following Georgia's secession from the Union in 1861, he served as president of the Provisional Confederate Congress and a major gener
Robert Toombs (1810-1885)
one of the most ardent secessionists in the U.S. Senate, helped to lead Georgia out of the Union on the eve of the Civil War
Alexander Stephens
the vice president of the Confederacy during the Civil War (1861-65),
Crawford Long
a north Georgia physician credited with the discovery of anesthesia.
William Craft and Ellen Craft
Slaves from Macon who gained celebrity after a daring, novel, and very public escape in December 1848. She was mixed and passed as a white slave owner to her husband that was full black.
Mark Anthony Cooper
best remembered as an industrialist whose ironworks was one of the leading businesses in antebellum northwest Georgia. involved with railroads
owned and operated the Western Insurance and Trust Company.
bacon scandal
Roswell King
was in his seventies when he founded his namesake town. He established textile mills in the late 1830s and enticed wealthy coastal families to join his enterprise, thus changing the economy and the population mix of northern Fulton County.
Land Lottery System
public lands in the interior of the state were dispersed to small yeoman farmers (i.e., farmers who cultivate their own land) based on a system of eligibility and chance.
Cherokee removal
during the growth of cotton agriculture in the Southeast, the discovery of gold, and the racial prejudice that many white southerners harbored toward American Indians.
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
the U.S. Supreme Court held in 1832 that the Cherokee Indians constituted a nation holding distinct sovereign powers.
Georgia in 1860
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Georgia and the Sectional Crisis
led to the outbreak of the Civil War. Southern politicians struggled during the crisis to prevent northern abolitionists from weakening constitutional protections for slavery. Georgians maintained a relatively moderate political course,
Battle of Kennesaw Mountain
one of the Atlanta campaign's major actions in the Civil War. At Cheatham Hill, the heaviest fighting occurred along a salient stretch in the Confederate line dubbed "Dead Angle" by Confederate defenders.
Sherman's March to the Sea
the most destructive campaign against a civilian population during the Civil War (1861-65), began in Atlanta on November 15, 1864, and concluded in Savannah on December 21, 1864.
Deportation of Roswell Mill Women
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Atlanta Campaign
the name given by historians to the military operations that took place in north Georgia during the Civil War (1861-65) in the spring and summer of 1864.
Unionists
an often overlooked group of white southerners who played a substantial part in sowing discontent and undermining the Confederate war effort.
Joseph E. Brown (1821-1894)
Soon after his election to the Georgia state senate in 1849 he emerged as a leader of the Democratic Party, and his influence continued after he was elected a state circuit judge in 1855.
Ku Klux Klan in the Reconstruction Era
goals included the political defeat of the Republican Party and the maintenance of absolute white supremacy in response to newly gained civil and political rights by southern blacks after the Civil War
Amos T. Akerman (1821-1880)
As attorney general he strenuously investigated and prosecuted Klan activities, and under his leadership the Klan was effectively ended.
Rufus Bullock (1834-1907)
the first Republican to be elected to Georgia's highest political office, serving as governor from 1868 to 1871.
Andersonville Prison
officially named Camp Sumter after the railroad station in neighboring Sumter County beside which the camp was located. established in Macon County, in southwest Georgia, to provide relief for the large number of Union prisoners concentrated in and around
Secession
seriously mentioned as a political option at least as far back as the Missouri crisis of 1819-21, and threats to disrupt the Union occurred in every sectional crisis from the nullification era (1828-33) onward.
Reconstruction in Georgia
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Georgia's Historic Capitals
Savannah (1777), Augusta (1785), Louisville (1795), Milledgeville (1806), Atlanta (1877)
Henry W. Grady (1850-1889)
the "Spokesman of the New South," served as managing editor for the Atlanta Constitution in the 1880s.
Atlanta Race Riot of 1906
white mobs killed dozens of blacks, wounded scores of others, and inflicted considerable property damage. Local newspaper reports of alleged assaults by black males on white females were the catalyst for the riot, but a number of underlying causes lay beh
Thomas E. Watson (1856-1922)
In his early years he was characterized as a liberal, especially for his time. In later years he emerged as a force for white supremacy and anti-Catholic rhetoric. He was elected to the Georgia General Assembly (1882), the U.S. House of Representatives (1
John B. Gordon (1832-1904)
enhanced his own reputation as a soldier by publishing his highly successful memoir, Reminiscences of the Civil War, in 1903. formed 1/3rd of the so-called Bourbon Triumvirate, which dominated Georgia politics for nearly a quarter of a century.
In April 1
Rebecca Latimer Felton (1835-1930)
A writer and tireless campaigner for Progressive Era reforms, especially women's rights, she was the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate.
Atlanta Compromise Speech
On September 18, 1895, the African American educator and leader Booker T. Washington delivered this famous speech at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta. Considered the definitive statement of what Washington termed the "accommodatio
Lynching
efers to the illegal killing of a person by a group of others. It does not refer to the method of killing.
County Unit System
established in 1917 when the Georgia legislature, overwhelmingly dominated by the Democratic Party, passed the Neill Primary Act. the system, with little regard for population differences, allowed rural counties to control Georgia elections by minimizing
Hoke Smith (1855-1931)
a trial attorney and publisher of the Atlanta Journal, was most influential as the leader of Georgia's Progressive movement during his years as governor (1907-9, 1911) and as a U.S. senator (1911-21). used his growing wealth to purchase the Atlanta Journa
Progressive Era
a period of varied reforms that took place throughout the United States over the first two decades of the twentieth century. While much of that change was enacted by the U.S. Congress under the leadership of three consecutive presidents�Theodore Roosevelt
Woman Suffrage
Even though the Nineteenth Amendment, known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment, became federal law on August 26, 1920, Georgia women could not vote until 1922. In fact, the amendment was not officially ratified and approved by the state legislature until 1
Railroads
Southern, Atlantic Coast Line, Seaboard Air Line
World War II in Georgia
the war accelerated Georgia's modernization, lifting it out of the Great Depression and ushering it into the mainstream of American life.
Ku Klux Klan in the Twentieth Century
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Corra Harris (1869-1935)
one of the most celebrated women from Georgia for nearly three decades in the early twentieth century. She is best known for her first novel, A Circuit Rider's Wife
Walter White (1893-1955)
served as chief secretary of the National Association for the (NAACP) from 1929 to 1955. During the twenty-five years preceding the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, he was one of the most prominent African American figures and sp
Convict Lease System
sold prisoners to farmers and railway workers, also known as the chain gang
Leo Frank Case
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Boll Weevil
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Franklin D. Roosevelt in Georgia
After being elected as the thirty-second president of the United States in 1932, he used his new home at Warm Springs, "The Little White House," as a retreat from the rigors of leading a nation through the Great Depression
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
one of the key organizations in the American civil rights movement of the 1960s. Emerging from the student-led sit-ins to protest segregated lunch counters
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
The state branches, despite periods of instability and discontinuity, have been the most effective and consistent advocates for African American civil rights in twentieth-century Georgia
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)
a Baptist minister and president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), was the most prominent African American leader in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. MIA and leader of the bus protests
W. W. Law (1923-2002)
a crusader for justice and the civil rights of African Americans. He served as president of the Savannah chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1950 to 1976 and came to be widely known as "Mr. Civil Rights.
Sibley Commission
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Civil Rights Movement
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Carpet Industry
Dalton, Georgia, became the center of production for this new industry, as the growing number of manufacturers encouraged the development of specialized machine shops
Margaret Mitchell (1900-1949)
author of Gone With the Wind
Lillian Smith (1897-1966)
Strange Fruit, Killers of the Dream, opposed the world of Jim Crow
Charlayne Hunter-Gault (b. 1942)
one of the first two African American students admitted to the University of Georgia.
Joel Chandler Harris (1845-1908)
Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings�The Folklore of the Old Plantation was p
Ellis Arnall (1907-1992)
progressive GA governor; credited for restoring accreditation to GA institutions of higher education, lowering the voting age, and abolishing the poll tax
Eugene Talmadge (1884-1946)
Four time Georgia governor that fought against Roosevelt's New Deal policies.
Three Governors Controversy
In 1946, governor-elect Eugene Talmadge died, and since the state constitution did not state who would replace him, Herman Talmadge, Melvin E. Thompson, and Ellis Arnall all claimed to be governor. The Supreme Court of Georgia ruled that Thompson was the
Jimmy Carter (b. 1924)
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Cocking Affair
Talmadge caused the state to lose accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
State Flags of Georgia
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Dixiecrats
southern Democrats who opposed Truman's position on civil rights. They caused a split in the Democratic party.
Black Suffrage in the Twentieth Century
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Howard Finster (ca. 1915-2001)
in visions of another world, paradise garden
Benny Andrews (1930-2006)
appilation red, preacher, when the saints go marching in, homage
Lester Maddox (1915-2003)
Governor of Georgia. As a restaurant owner, he refused to serve African Americans. Pick axes.
Newt Gingrich (b. 1943)
Contract with America". bringing the house to republican majority. served as the majority whip, and speaker of the house
Sonny Perdue (b. 1946)
He was the first Republican chosen by Georgians to occupy the governor's mansion since the Reconstruction-era election of Rufus Bullock in
Order of Georgia State Capitals: SALMA
Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, Atlanta
What was the capital of Georgia during the British colonial rule?
Savannah
Beginning in 1785, what was the capital of Georgia?
Augusta
Beginning in 1796, what was the capital of Georgia?
Louisville
What was the civil war capital of georgia?
Milledgeville
From 1866 to present, what is the capital of Georgia?
Atlanta
What three Georgians signed the Declaration of Independence?
George Walton, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall
What three Georgians made up the Bourbon Triumvirate?
Joseph E. Brown, John B. Gordon, Alfred H. Colquitt
What was the main accomplishment of the Freedmen's Bureau?
A. providing aid and education to emancipated slaves
B. helping Confederate states get readmitted to the Union
C. securing protections for African Americans' voting rights
D. preventing violence a
A
What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact?
A. to reach an agreement on who would pay for the Mayflower should the vessel be lost in a storm
B. to force the Native Americans to agree to abide by English laws and customs
C. to establish a civil governme
C
The first permanent successful English settlement in North America was located at
A. Plymouth, Massachusetts
B. Roanoke Island, North Carolina
C. New London, Connecticut
D. St. Augustine, Florida
E. Jamestown, Virginia
E
Puritan society was organized around
A. the individual
B. the family
C. a social hierarchy based on wealth
D. a social hierarchy based on education
E. elaborate church ritual
B
Puritan leader who brought 900 followers to Massachusetts Bay in 1629 and penned "City Upon a Hill" as his vision of the Puritan dream.
John Winthrop
Developed and planted strain of tobacco that made the Virginia colony economically viable.
John Rolfe
Established the first English colony in America, Roanoke, in 1585, which disappeared without a trace.
Sir Walter Raleigh
The message of the Great Awakening directly challenged
A. the belief that Christ was God's son sent to earth
B. the faith in individual self-reliance and economic mobility
C. the belief that Indians could never be integrated into colonial society
D. the e
D
Benjamin Franklin:
A. favored an educational system that would prepare young men for business and professional careers
B. wanted to see young men educated in the European tradition
C. believed in an educational system that emphasized Greek and Latin
D. su
A
As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1763,
A. France lost all its possessions in the New World, including its islands in the Caribbean
B. most of Spain's New World empire was transferred to France.
C. Louisbourg was returned to the French in exchange for
D
A writ of assistance
A. helped colonial merchants cut through the red tape of imperial trade regulations
B. allowed the British to ransack a colonial merchant's house in search of illegal goods
C. required prosecutors to present evidence of probable cause
B
The Coercive Acts
A. restructured the Massachusetts government
B. closed Boston Harbor
C. permitted certain murders to be tried in England
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
D
American Tories (Loyalists) believed that
A. separation from Britain was an illegal act that would ignite an unnecessary war
B. only independence could preserve the colonists' constitutional rights
C. the king, not Parliament, was responsible for the prob
A
During the first two years of the Revolutionary War, Americans were victorious at all of the following battles except the battle of
A. Trenton
B. Saratoga
C. Long Island
D. Princeton
E. Fort Ticonderoga
C
One of the successes of the Articles period was the Land Ordinance of 1785 which
A. outlawed slavery in the Northwest territory
B. provided for an orderly pattern of land development and settlement
C. guaranteed that all new states would come as equals wi
C
The fundamental issue at the Constitutional Convention was
A. whether the new national government should be more or less powerful than the Confederation government
B. whether or not slavery should be abolished
C. how to balance the conflicting interests o
C
The Supreme Court decision in the case McCullough v. Maryland
A. restricted the power of the Bank of the United States
B. declared constitutional a Maryland law taxing the Bank of the United States
C. asserted the supremacy of the federal government over
C
The term "Fifty-four forty or fight" was used in the U.S. in connection with
A. annexation of Texas
B. dispute over the Maine border
C. dispute over the Oregon border
D. the proclamation of the Bear Flag Republic in Sonoma, California
E. the battle of Cha
C
An important result of the Mexican-American War was
A. annexation of Texas
B. statement of the Monroe Doctrine
C. contentment from the expansionist forces because of the Oregon Treaty
D. increased ill-will between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces
E. Th
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The period of revivalism that swept the nation in the first half of the 19th Century is called
A. perfectionism
B. the Second Great Awakening
C. the Methodist Rebirth
D. the four-square gospel
E. Arminianism
B
Illinois senator and author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which allowed settlers to decide on a slave or free status for their state.
Stephen Douglass
Democratic president who refused to take action to defuse deteriorating North-South relations in December 1860.
James Buchanan
Slave who sued for his freedom, which was denied in famous Supreme Court decision written by Roger Taney.
Dred Scott
Union capture of Vicksburg was strategically important because it
A. opened the way to Richmond
B. completed Union control over the Atlantic coast
C. gave Lincoln the victories he was waiting for to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
D. gave the North co
D
The Compromise of 1877
A. effectively ended Reconstruction, as federal troops were withdrawn from the South and Hayes was named president
B. gave the presidency to Tilden, the Democratic candidate
C. was the first time a presidential election had been dis
A
What two issues dominated national politics in the 1870s and 1880s?
A. the money supply and civil service reform
B. civil service reform and working conditions in factories
C. the money supply and urban slums
D. civil service reform and imperialism
E. for
A
What was the major issue of the McKinley-Bryan election of 1896?
A. agrarian unrest
B. imperialism
C. personal corruption
D. urban crime
E. free silver
E
The Roosevelt Corollary
A. claimed that the U.S. had the right to act as a policeman in Latin America to keep order and prevent chronic wrongdoing
B. was issued to justify the role the U.S. played in ending the Russo-Japanese War
C. reversed that part of
A
FDR's Good Neighbor policy
A. proclaimed "speak softly, but carry a big stick"
B. declared "no state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another" in Latin America
C. led to a scrupulous "hands-off" policy in Latin America, ev
B
Germany's invasion of this neighboring nation on September 1, 1939 began WW2 as France and Britain declared war in response.
Poland
The D-Day invasion on the beaches of this region on June 6, 1955 marked the beginning of the Allied land attack of German-held western Europe.
Normandy
A German counteroffensive in the winter of 1944 in eastern France was eventually crushed by Allied troops.
Battle of the Bulge
Soviet forces stopped the German army's advance here in 1943.
Stalingrad
Four Japanese aircraft carriers are sunk in this June 1942 battle which allowed the U.S. to seize the strategic initiative in the control of the western Pacific.
Midway
The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to
A. help the hungry and homeless of Europe
B. help stop the spread of Communism in Europe
C. help expand sales of American goods in Europe
D. all of the above
D
Massive foreign aid campaign to oppose communism's growth by aiding the economies of western Europe
Marshall Plan
American policy that provided aid to those opposing communism, particularly supporting Greece and Turkey.
Truman Doctrine
The British political party that was generally more sympathetic to the American cause
A. the Tory party
B. the Labor Party
C. the Country Party
D. the Whig Party
D
The Battle of Saratoga was a key turning point of the War for Independence because
A. it prevented the British from keeping control of the key port of New York City
B. it brought about crucial French assistance to the Revolutionary cause
C. it ended the p
B
Besides George Washington, among the most influential figures in the Constitutional Convention
A. John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and John Hancock
B. Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Paine
C. John Adams, Abigail Adams, and Gouverneur Morris
D. Ben Fran
D
The "Great Compromise" in the Constitutional Convention provided that
A. the House of Representatives would be elected by the people and the Senate by the state legislatures.
B. the large states would be taxed on the basis of population and the small stat
D
The essential disagreement between Hamilton and Jefferson over the proposed Bank of the United States was
A. whether the Constitution granted the federal government the power to establish such a bank
B. whether it would be economically wise to create a si
A
The Federalists essentially believed that
A. most government power should be retained by the states
B. government should provide no special aid to private enterprise
C. the common people could, if educated, participate in government affairs
D. there shoul
D
* An unexpected deadlock with Aaron Burr meant that Jefferson had to be elected by the House of Representatives.
T/F
True
The case of Marbury v. Madison established the principle that
A. the Supreme Court has the right to determine the constitutionality of legislation
B. federal laws take precedence over state legislation
C. the president had the right to appoint the federal
A
Jefferson's greatest concern in purchasing Louisiana was
A. whether it was in America's best interest to acquire the territory
B. whether the cost was excessive for his small-government philosophy
C. whether the purchase was permissible under the Constitu
C
A crucial foreign policy goal for many "war hawks" in the War of 1812 was
A. the end of all Spanish colonization in the Americas
B. the capture and annexation of Canada
C. the conquest and settlement of Texas
D. the destruction of the British navy
B
The greatest military success of the War of 1812 came
a. in the land invasions of Canada
b. in the campaign fought around Washington and Baltimore
c. in the naval battles of the Great Lakes and elsewhere
d. in the defense of Fort Michilimackinac
C
Two prominent American military heroes during the War of 1812 were
A. Tecumseh and Henry Clay
B. Oliver Hazard Perry and Andrew Jackson
C. Thomas Macdonough and Francis Scott Key
D. Isaac Brock and John Quincy Adams
B
The terms of the Treat of Ghent ending the War of 1812 provided
A. that there would be a buffer Indian State between the United States and Canada
B. that Britain would stop impressment of American sailors
C. that the United States would acquire western Fl
D
In the case of McCulloch v. Maryland, Justice John Marshall held that
A. the states had the right to regulate commerce within their boundaries
B. the federal bank of the United States was constitutional, and no state had the right to tax it
C. the Supreme
B
As proclaimed by Monroe in his message of 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that
A. only the United States had a right to intervene to promote democracy in Latin America
B. the British and Americans would act together to prevent further Russian expansion
C
The Whig party was from the beginning united by its ideological support for states rights and national expansion.
T/F
F
Prominent leaders of the whig party included
A. Martin Van Buren and John Calhoun
B. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster
C. Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison
D. Stefan Austin and Sam Houston
B
In general the whig party tended to favor
A. Individual liberty and states rights
B. The protection of slavery and southern interests
C. A strong federal and both economic and moral issues
D. The interest of the working people and farmers against the uppe
C
The Erie Canal's greatest economic effect was to create strong east-west commercial and industrial links between the Northeast and the West (Midwest).
T/F
T
The American painter who developed the idea for a national park system was
A. Samuel F.B. Morse
B. Caleb Bingham
C. John James Audubon
D. George Catlin
D
The two major sources of European immigration to America in the 1840s and 1850s were
A. France and Italy
B. Germany and France
C. Germany and Ireland
D. Ireland and Norway
C
The first major improvement in the American transportation system came from
A. canals and railroads
B. railroads and clipper ships
C. steamboats and highways
D. keelboats and Conestoga wagons
C
The major promoter of an effective tax-supported system of public education for all American children was
A. Joseph Smith
B. Horace Mann
C. Noah Webster
D. Susan B. Anthony
B
Reformer Dorothea Dix worked for the cause of
A. women's rights to higher education and voting
B. international peace
C. better treatment of the mentally ill
D. temperance
C
The transcendentalist writers such as Emerson, Thoreau, and Fuller stressed the ideas of
A. inner truth and individual self-reliance
B. political community and economic progress
C. personal guilt and fear of death
D. love of chivalry and return to the med
A
The most prominent black abolitionist was
A. Sojourner Truth
B. David Walker
C. William Lloyd Garrison
D. Frederick Douglass
D
In the election of 1844, Clay lost to Polk partly because he tried to straddle the Texas annexation issue and thus lost antislavery support.
T/F
T
Polk's victory in 1844 was interpreted as a mandate for Manifest Destiny and led directly to the annexation of Texas and a favorable settlement of the Oregon dispute.
T/F
T
Henry Clay lost the election of 1844 to James Polk because
A. his attempt to straddle the Texas annexation issue lost him votes
B. his strong stand for expansion in Texas and Oregon raised fears of war with Britain
C. he supported lower tariffs and an ind
A
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the Mexican War provided for
A. a return to the status quo that had existed before the war
B. the eventual American acquisition of all of Mexico
C. American acquisition of about half of Mexico and payment of several
C
Among the notable advocates of compromise in the controversy over slavery in 1850 were
A. William Seward and Zachary Taylor
B. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster
C. John C. Calhoun and Abraham Lincoln
D. Stephen Douglas and Harriet Tubman
B
Under the terms of the Compromise of 1850
a. California was admitted to the Union as a free state, and the issue of slavery in Utah and New Mexico territories would be left up to popular sovereignty.
b. California was admitted as a free state, and Utah an
A
The conflict over slavery following the election of 1852 led shortly to the
A. the death of the Whig party
B. the death of the Democratic party
C. the death of the Republican Party
D. the rise of the Free Soil party
A
The election of 1860 was really two campaigns, Lincoln vs. Douglas in the North and Bell vs. Breckinridge in the South.
T/F
T
The fanatical abolitionist John Brown made his first entry into violent antislavery politics by
A. killing 5 proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas
B. organizing a slave rebellion in Missouri
C. leading an armed raid on the federal arsenal at H
A
A key issue in the Lincoln-Douglas debates was
A. whether secession from the Union was legal
B. whether the people of a territory could prohibit slavery in light of the Dred Scott decision
C. whether Illinois should continue to prohibit slavery
D. whether
B
In the campaign of 1860, the Democratic party
a. tried to unite around the compromise popular sovereignty views of Stephen A. Douglas.
b. campaigned on a platform of restoring the compromises of 1820 and 1850.
c. split in two, with each faction nominating
C
One effect of the first battle of Bull Run was to
a. convince the North that victory would not be difficult
b. increase the South's already dangerous overconfidence
c. demonstrate the superiority of Southern volunteer soldiers over Northern draftees.
d. c
B
The "Copperheads" were
A. Northern Democrats who opposed the Union war effort
B. Republicans who opposed the Lincoln administration
C. Democrats who backed the Union but opposed a war against slavery
D. radical Republicans who advocated a war to destroy s
A
Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's vice presidential running mate in 1864, was
A. a Copperhead
B. a War Democrat
C. a conservative Republican
D. a radical Republican
B
The Freedmen's Bureau was originally established to provide
A. land and supplies for black farmers
B. labor registration
C. food, clothes, and education for emancipated slaves
D. political training in citizenship for black votes
C
Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction in 1863 was that a state could be re-integrated into the Union when
A. it repealed its original secession act and took its soldiers out of the Confederate army
B. 10% of its voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union
B
The political system of the "Gilded Age" was generally characterized by
A. "split ticket" voting, low voter turnout, and single-issue special-interest groups
B. strong party loyalties, low voter turnout, and deep ideological differences
C. "third-party" m
D
Financier J.P. Morgan exercised his economic power most effectively by
A. developing "horizontal integration" in the oil industry
B. lending money to the federal government
C. consolidating rival industries through "interlocking directorates"
D. serving a
C
Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" proclaimed his belief that
A. wealth was God's reward for hard work, while poverty results from laziness and immorality
B. churches needed to take a stronger stand on the economic issues of the day
C. faith in capitali
D
Countries from which many of the "New Immigrants" came included
A. Sweden and Great Britain
B. Germany and Ireland
C. Poland and Italy
D. China and Japan
C
The phrase "social gospel" refers to
A. The fact that many people were turning to God seeking solutions to social conflicts.
B. The decline in traditional religious beliefs in the late nineteenth century.
C. The efforts of some Christian reformers to appl
C
Alfred T. Mahan promoted American overseas expansion by
A. developing a lurid "yellow press" that stimulated popular excitement
B. arguing that sea power was the key to world domination
C. provoking naval incidents with Germany and Britain in the Pacific
B
The Platt Amendment provided that
A. the people of Puerto Rico were citizens of the United States
B. the United States would eventually grant independence to the Philippines and Puerto Rico
C. no European power could establish new bases or colonies in the
D
The immediate cause of American entry into WW1 was
A. German support for a possible Mexican invasion of the southwestern United States
B. Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare
C. the German defeat of France
D. desire of American munitions
B
The primary achievement of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association was
A. its promotion of black jazz and blues
B. its positive impact on black racial pride
C. its economic development program in Harlem
D. its transportation of numerous bl
B
What year did Columbus arrive in America?
A. 1537
B. 1492
C. 1375
D. 1592
B
Who founded the Jamestown colony?
A. Roger Williams
B. William Penn
C. John Smith
D. Anne Hutchinson
C
What was the first form of government in the colonies?
A. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
B. House of Burgesses
C. Declaration of Independence
D. Senate
B
When the Separatists left England, where did they go first?
A. Plymouth
B. Pennsylvania
C. New York
D. Maryland
A
What type of legislation did the Separatists sign before landing in the United States?
A. Declaration of Independence
B. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
C. Mayflower Compact
D. Separatist Contract
C
Who was the Separatist that was governor of the Plymouth colony for over 30 years?
A. William Bradford
B. Roger Williams
C. John Smith
D. George Calvert
A
Who coined the term "city upon a hill"?
A. John Smith
B. George Calvert
C. William Penn
D. John Winthrop
D
What colony is known as the "city upon a hill"?
A. Pennsylvania
B. Massachusetts
C. South Carolina
D. Virginia
B
Who established Maryland?
A. George Calvert
B. Roger Williams
C. Anne Hutchinson
D. John Smith
A
What was the first written constitution in America?
A. Declaration of Independence
B. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
C. Articles of Confederation
D. Mayflower Compact
B
What religious group settled in Pennsylvania and was led by William Penn?
A. Separatists
B. Quakers
C. Puritans
D. Christians
B
What was Bacon's Rebellion?
A. an effort to initiate a slave revolt
B. insurgence of farmers who shut down courts to prevent judges from seizing property.
C. Insurgence of farmers who disliked Governor Berkeley who led raids and burned down Jamestown.
D.
C
What was the war that pitted Native Americans against English settlers and their Indian allies? It was a last ditch effort to avoid recognizing English authority and stop English settlement on their native lands.
King Philips War
What was the name of religious revival during the 18th Century?
Great Awakening
During the Great Awakening, who was a Congregationalist that believed in hell and predestination? They are famous for their sermon "Sinners in the hands of angry God".
Johnathan Edwards
During the Great Awakening, this man held outdoor sermons and thought that religion should be a shared experience.
George Whitefield
This movement was based on rationalism and science and believed that human reason was adequate to solve all of mankind's problems.
The Enlightenment
Who was the three famous thinkers of the Enlightenment?
John Locke, Ben Franklin, Montesquieu
Although this plan was not accepted, it would have established a centralized government to oversee the colonies and to shore up defense prior to the French and Indian War. It was written by Ben Franklin.
The Albany Plan
This war has two names. It dealt with French expansion into the Ohio River Valley and resulted in a British win.
French and Indian War
This treaty ended the French and Indian War where Britain received Canada from France and Florida from Spain.
Treaty of Paris 1763
This forbade the colonists from settling on lands west of the Appalachian Mountains which angered colonists.
Proclamation of 1763
This act ended the smuggling of sugar and molasses.
Sugar Act
What is the chronological order of these American Revolution events?
Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Currency Act, Coercive Acts, Sugar Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Townshend Act
Sugar Act, Currency Act, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Coercive Act,
What group led violent protests against British taxation in the colonies?
Sons of Liberty
Who were two notable individuals in the Sons of Liberty?
James Otis and Samuel Adams
This act stated that Parliament could tax and legislate in all cases anywhere in the colonies.
Declaratory Act
This act taxed goods imported from Britain, paid for government official's salaries, and declared a "writ of assistance" which meant that the British could search anywhere.
Townshend Act
This act closed the Boston Harbor and stated that colonists had to house soldiers.
Coercive Acts
This group met in Philadelphia in order to determine British grievances. All of the colonies except Georgia were there.
First Continental congress
These two battles kicked off the American Revolution where the Americans defeated the British. The famous "shots heard around the world" is based on these battles.
Lexington and Concord
This battle was the first major battle of the American Revolution located in Massachusetts, was the bloodiest battle of the revolutionary war, and was a victory for the British. It showed that the Americans had a big potential to win.
Battle of Bunker Hill
This group met in Philadelphia. This established the Continental Army, established government offices for policies, and established George Washington was the leader of the army.
2nd Continental Congress
This was the last attempt to avoid armed conflict with Britain. America wanted reconciliation but King George III ignored it.
Olive Branch Petition
Writer of Common Sense, an electrifying pamphlet of January 1776 calling for a break with England. Declared that an island should not rule a continent.
Thomas Paine
This alliance was negotiated by Ben Franklin and brought the French into war on the colonists side.
Franco-American Alliance
This treaty ended the American Revolution which gave US western land and independence.
Treaty of Paris 1783
What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
lacked the ability to tax, declare war, and form a military
This event is when Massachusetts farmers shut down courts to prevent judges from seizing property or condemning people to debtors prison for failing to pay their taxes.
Shay's Rebellion
During this meeting in Philadelphia, delegates discussed the proposed NJ and VA plans.
Constitutional Convention
What delegates were at the Constitutional convention?
James Madison, Hamilton, Ben Franklin
During the Constitutional Convention, delegates agreed to this compromise in which the HOR is based on population, the Senate had equal representation, and the 3/5th compromise.
The Great Compromise
This group favored the Constitution, were advocated of a centralized power (big government), "implied powers", and "broad interpretation".
Federalists
Who were the Federalists?
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
This group did not favor the constitution, opposed Hamilton's national bank, and favored a strict interpretation.
Antifederalists
Who were the Anti-Federalists?
Jefferson
This war was caused by British restrictions on US trade and America's desire to expand its territory, as well as the impressment of American sailors. One notable battle during this war was the Battle of New Orleans in which Jackson won. It was ended by th
War of 1812
This treaty was signed by British and American representatives that ended the War of 1812. As a result, all conquered territory was to be returned and commissioned were planned to settle the boundary of US and Canada.
Treaty of Ghent
This was a meeting among the Federalists to discuss their grievances concerning the War of 1812. It was ultimately the end of the Federalist party.
Hartford Convention
This compromise resulted in Missouri becoming a slave state, Main being a free state, and slavery below the 36 30 line.
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise declared that Missouri would be a ____________________ state and Maine would be a ____________________ state.
Slave, free
This opposed European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere.
Monroe Doctrine
During which election was the term "corrupt bargain" coined?
1824
This case declared that states could not tax the national bank.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Which act led to the Trail of Tears?
Indian Removal Act
This was a rebellion of black slaves in Virginia.
Nat Turner's Rebellion
This treaty established a northern border with Canada and helped America to acquire OR, WA, parts of ID, WY, and MT.
Oregon Treaty
This began over a border dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (Mexican claim" or the Rio Grande (US claim). It was ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Mexican American War
This treaty ended the Mexican American War and provided for Mexican cessions and the payment of $15 million for CA, AR, NV, CO, UT, and NM.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
This stated that neither slavery not involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any territory to be acquired from Mexico.
Wilmot Proviso
This was written by Stephen Douglas and Henry Clay. Determined that CA is a state and created Utah and Wyoming (popular sovereignty would decide they were free or slave states). It also created a stronger fugitive slave law and abolished the slave trade i
Compromise of 1850
This act repealed the Missouri Compromise and championed popular sovereignty. It led to increased sectionalism and ended the Whig party. From this, the Republican party emerged.
Kansas Nebraska Act
During this event, an abolitionist led a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harper's Ferry, Virginia in an attempt to start an armed revolt of enslaved people. It was intended to destroy the institution of slavery.
Harper's Ferry
What was the first state to secede from the Union?
A. Virginia
B. North Carolina
C. South Carolina
D. Maryland
C
This act provided 16 acres of free land in exchange for 5years of settlement and cultivation.
Homestead Act
This was the bloodiest battle in American History between Confederate General Robert E. Lee and Union General George B. McClellan.
Battle of Antietam
The Emancipation Proclamation was established as a result of this Union victory.
Battle of Antietam
What year was Lincoln assassinated?
1865
This settled the disputed 1876 election and pulled troops out of the South. It essentially ended military reconstruction in the South.
Compromise of 187
During this battle between Custer and a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors, Custer dies.
Battle of Little Bighorn
This man was an American industrialist and led the expansion of the American steel industry.
Andrew Carnegie
This man was the founder of the Standard Oil Company.
Rockefeller
This man was a financer, banker, and philanthropist. He helped to arrange the merger for General Electric.
J.P. Morgan
He invented the phonograph and motion picture camera.
Edison
These were two journalists who were involved in yellow journalism.
Pulitzer and Hearst
This group accepted capitalism and sought the right to collective bargaining and better hours, wages, and working conditions. Samuel Gompers was in charge.
AFL
He was born into slavery and was the founder of the Tuskegee Institute.
Booker T. Washington
This man was a socialist presidential candidate. He was also one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World.
Eugene Debs
This man was Secretary of State and was responsible for the purchase of Alaska from Russia.
Seward
From the 1870s, to the 1920's most immigrants came from ____________________.
Southern and Eastern Europe
This act broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households.
Dawes Act
This act was against monopolies and was initially misused against labor unions.
Sherman Antitrust Act
This battle was the final clash between troops and the Sioux.
Wounded Knee Massacre
This amendment outlined the role of the United States in Cuba and the Caribbean, limiting Cuba's right to make treaties with other nations and restricted Cuba in the conduct of foreign policy and commercial relations.
Platt Amendment
This act stated that the government could lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed "vital to the defense of the United States".
Lend-Lease Act
This marked a turning point in WW2 and was a crucial and decisive naval battle in the Pacific theater of WW2. It resulted in a US victory over the Japanese.
Battle at Midway
This day is coined as _____________________. It is when allied forced invaded norther France by means of beach landings in Normandy.
D-Day
This was the last major German offensive campaign.
Battle of the Bulge
During this meeting, the three leaders laid the foundation for the postwar division of power in Europe.
Yalta Conference
This was the last of the Big Three meetings during WW2.
Potsdam Conference
Who were the Allied Powers?
Great Britain, France, Russia
Who were the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
This provided financial support of anti-communist nations for containment of Communism. It primarily helped Greece and Turkey.
Truman Doctrine
This letter was written in response to nonviolent protests in Birmingham. This speaker mentions that injustice is here and that he must answer the call for aid.
Letter from Birmingham Jail
This act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This was a complex naval event off the coast of Vietnam. Two unprovoked attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on the destroyers Maddox and Turner Joy.
Gulf of Tonkin
This allowed LBJ to greatly escalate US military involvement in the Vietnam War.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
These were a coordinated series of North Vietnamese attacks on more than 100 cities and outposts in South Vietnam. It was an attempt to foment rebellion among the South Vietnamese and courage the US to scale back involvement.
Tet Offensive
These were peace talks between Egypt and Israel that were mediated by Carter. It created a framework for peace in the Middle East but fell apart when Sadat was assassinated.
Camp David Accords
Ant-Government Contras battling communist Sandinista government in Nicaragua.
Sandinista
Which President helped to bring together the anti-communist, anti-new deal, and social conservatives into a new conservative coalition.
Ronald Reagan
This war was triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990 by leader Saddam Hussein.
Persian Gulf War
This was a secret US arms deal that traded missiles and other arms to free some Americans held hostage by terrorists in Lebanon, but also used the funds from the arms deal to support armed conflict in Nicaragua.
Iran Contra Scandal
2001: Began in Afghanistan as US and British forces worked with Afghan allies to topple the fundamentalist Taliban government, which had permitted al-Qaeda to use the nation as its base of operations.
2003: US troops invaded the Middle Eastern nation of I
Afghanistan War
Who was president during hurricane Katrina?
Bush
These were notable individuals involved with abolitionism.
William Llyod Garrison and Frederick Douglass .
These were northerners who moved to the south after the civil war to participate in reconstruction.
Carpetbaggers
These were southerners who supported Reconstruction.
Scalawags
These two individuals were involved in the settlement house movement.
Jane Addams and Florence Kelley
These two men were notable populists.
William Jennings Bryan and James B. Weaver
This was the belief that the world's wealth was sharply limited and therefore, one nations gain was automatically another nation's loss.
Mercantilism
These were two notable war hawks
Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
These were notable individuals during the Harlem Renaissance.
Langston Hughes, Alain Locke, Louis Armstrong
This man taught evolution in school and was put on trial.
John T. Scopes
Who wrote "Howl"?
Allen Ginsberg
Who wrote "On the Road"?
Jack Kerouac
__________________________ death brought LBJ to presidency.
Kennedy's
Who wrote the Feminine Mystique?
Betty Friedan
Who was a notable Shaker?
Ann Lee
Who explored Central America and won Mexico on behalf of Spain?
Hernan Cortes
He was a politician and lawyer and the 30th president.
Calvin Coolidge
Who wrote The Invisible Man?
H. G. Wells
Who wrote "On Civil Disobedience" as a response to the U.S. war with Mexico?
John Rawls
What was civil disobedience?
the refusal to obey unjust laws
This was the belief that the rich were rich and the poor were poor due to natural selection in society.
Social Darwinism
What was the name of the ship the Pilgrims used to travel to Plymouth?
A. The Nina
B. The Santa Maria
C. The Mayflower
D. The Jolly Roger
C
Which of the following was the primary reason the Plymouth colony was established?
A. Religious freedom
B. to spread Christianity to native peoples
C. Profit for European investors
D. To defeat Native Americans in the region
A
What was George Calvert's intended goal for the colony of Maryland?
A. to create a naval base for the British empire to use in defense of its colonies
B. to allow himself, and others like him, the opportunity to escape debts
C. to create a society that su
D
What was the result of King Philip's War?
A. The New England settlers worked with the Native American tribes in the region to oust the French and Dutch settlers, who were planning to set up their own colonies.
B. The New England settlers decimated the str
B
What was the main cause of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?
A. British colonists wanted a larger share of the Virginia Company's profits than they were being given.
B. British colonists were upset that they couldn't settle western lands due an agreement with Na
B
Which of the following best describes the French and Indian War?
A. America fought for its independence from Great Britain.
B. The French and the Indians fought against each other for control of North America.
C. The French and British fought to remove th
D
Pontiac's Rebellion was a Native American response to:
A. British colonists settling in lands promised to the Native Americans
B. The end of the French and Indian War
C. The Proclamation of 1763
D. Broken promises by the French government
A
What were the goals of the Sons of Liberty?
A. To draft a Declaration of Independence
B. To organize protests and rebellious acts against the British Empire in response to unfair taxes
C. To collect information about those participating in the colonial re
B
What was the main idea of the Declaratory Act?
A. American colonists were required to pledge allegiance to the crown of England.
B. American merchants had to declare their cargo in British ports so that the appropriate goods could be taxed.
C. The British
C
What was the primary goal of the colonial Committees of Correspondence?
A. To keep lines of communication open between Britain and the American colonies
B. To establish a much needed postal system for the American colonies
C. To give colonists a forum to
D
Which of the following could be considered the main idea of Thomas Paine's Common Sense?
A. The colonists in the Americas were too weak to stand up against the might of the British Empire.
B. The American colonists would be best suited by shifting allegia
C
Which American patriot gained notoriety and support for the revolutionary cause with a fiery speech commonly known for its final line, "... give me liberty, or give me death!"
A. George Washington
B. Patrick Henry
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. Samuel Adams
B
Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?
A. George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. John Adams
D. Benjamin Franklin
B
Another name for Loyalists were _________________?
Tories
Which of the following was the first victory for the American colonists in the Revolutionary War?
A. The Battle of Yorktown
B. The Battle of Concord
C. The Battle of Trenton
D. The Battle of Lexington
B
What was the result of the Battle of Bunker Hill?
A. The British laid waste to the colonial forces with ease.
B. It took the British several waves of costly attacks to successfully unseat the colonial forces from the hill.
C. The colonial forces successfu
B
Which of the following battles marked a major turning point in the Revolutionary War?
A. The Battle of Saratoga
B. The Battle of Fort Washington
C. The Battle of Lexington
D. The Battle of Princeton
A
Which of the following was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War?
A. The Battle of Lexington
B. The Battle of Yorktown
C. The Battle of Concord
D. The Battle of Saratoga
B
Anti-Federalists wanted a ____________ national government with ________________ state governments, but Federalists wanted a ______________ national government and ______________ weak state governments.
weak, strong
strong, weak
The ___________ plan called for legislative representatives to be proportional to the number of citizens in each state, while the ___________ Plan called for a single representative for each state regardless of population.
Virginia, New Jersey
The election of 1789 resulted in _________________ becoming President, and _______________ elected as Vice President.
George Washington, John Adams
Who did George Washington name as the first Secretary of Treasury?
A. Alexander Hamilton
B. John Adams
C. Henry Knox
D. Thomas Jefferson
A
What brought about the end of the Whiskey Rebellion?
A. President George Washington asserted the Presidency's powers to enforce federal law, by force when necessary.
B. The whiskey tax was repealed.
C. Western Pennsylvania began the process of creating a
A
The election of 1796 resulted in Federalist __________________________ being elected president and Democratic-Republican ____________ being elected Vice President.
John Adams, Thomas Jefferson
Which of the following best summarizes the results of the Election of 1800?
A. Thomas Jefferson won the presidency in a landslide.
B. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied in the Electoral College; the House of Representatives broke the tie and elected Tho
B
What was the result of the Election of 1804?
A. Jefferson was reelected in a landslide over Federalist Charles Pinckney.
B. Jefferson ran unopposed and was reelected president by default.
C. Jefferson lost the election, but refused to give up his position
A
What did the Embargo Act of 1807 do?
A. It prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports.
B. It prohibited trade with Britain, but didn't apply to other countries.
C. It prohibited trade with France, but didn't apply to other countries.
D. I
A
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a ____________________. Success/Failure
failure
The Election of 1808 resulted in ___________ defeating Federalist ______________________.
James Madison, Charles Pickey
What was the result of the Battle of Tippecanoe?
A. William Henry Harrison defeated the Shawnee alliance and successfully put down their resistance to American settlement of the West.
B. Tecumseh and the Shawnee alliance held their ground against the Amer
A
What was the result of the War of 1812?
A. A. decisive victory for the United States
B. A decisive victory for the British Empire
C. A Pyrrhic victory for the United States
D. A stalemate
D
Why was the Erie Canal built?
A. To connect New York City to the Great Lakes
B. To connect Lake Erie and Lake Ontario
C. To connect the Hudson and Potomac Rivers
D. To connect the Great Lakes to Washington, D.C.
A
What was the result of the election of 1824?
A. John Quincy Adams defeated Andrew Jackson in a landslide.
B. Andrew Jackson got more popular and electoral votes than any other candidate, but John Quincy Adams won the presidency.
C. John Quincy Adams won t
B
What was the result of the Battle of the Alamo?
A. A large army, comprised of American settlers in Texas, successfully fought off Santa Anna's much smaller Mexican force.
B. Santa Anna's army easily defeated the weak American force.
C. Santa Anna's forces
D
What was the aim of the Wilmot Proviso?
A. The Wilmot Proviso sought to ban slavery in the territory America gained in the Mexican-American War.
B. The Wilmot Proviso sought to protect the right to own slaves for settlers in California and New Mexico.
C.
A
What was the deal struck by the Compromise of 1850?
A. Slavery would be banned in both California and Washington, D.C.; in exchange, the issue would be decided by popular sovereignty for any future states carved from the Mexican Cession and there would be
A
What was the result of Nat Turner's Rebellion in August of 1831?
A. Nat Turner and his fellow slave rebels escaped to freedom in the North.
B. Nat Turner and a team of Northern abolitionists stormed the Virginia Statehouse to protest slavery in the South.
C
What was the significance of the attack on Fort Sumter?
A. Confederate artillery fired on the United States' fort. These were the first shots of the Civil War.
B. Union artillery fired on the Confederate fort. These were the first shots of the Civil War.
A
What effect did the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg have on the outcome of the war?
A. The Union suffered a lack of confidence due to their overwhelming defeats at the hands of the Confederates.
B. The stalemates at Gettysburg and Vicksburg made it ve
C
How did the Wade-Davis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction?
A. It required former Confederate states to include a ban on slavery in their state constitutions.
B. It required a majority of voters in each Confederate state to swear their allegiance
D
President Johnson's view of African Americans was that they _______________ be granted equal rights to whites.
Should/ should not
should not
What was the purpose of the Homestead Act of 1862?
A. To prevent the growth of plantation-style agriculture in the South
B. To promote the settlement of the Great Plains by offering free land to those willing to farm it for five years
C. To relocate Nativ
B.
Which of the following was a primary objective of the Dawes Act of 1887?
A. To return large portions of Native American land to the tribes that had once controlled it
B. To assimilate Native Americans into American society
C. To prevent Native Americans f
B
What was the purpose of the Panama Canal?
A. to give America an additional source of revenue by charging a toll for the canal's use
B. to provide a launching point for a future invasion of Central America
C. to provide a source of hydroelectric power for
D
Why was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) established?
A. To negotiate trade agreements with the Soviet Union
B. To create a defensive pact to protect Western Europe and North America from Soviet attacks
C. To lay the groundwork for ending the
B
What was the end result of the Korean War?
A. North Korea and its communist allies achieved total victory and total control over South Korea.
B. South Korea and its UN allies were able to successfully invade and claim North Korea.
C. A cease-fire agreemen
C
Which of the following best describes the establishment of communist North Vietnam?
A. Communist leader Ho Chi Minh led successful revolts against the occupying Japanese near the end of World War II and then the colonizing French a decade later.
B. Commun
A
Which of the following best describes the establishment of non-communist South Vietnam?
A. The 1954 Geneva Accords made all of Vietnam a non-communist country.
B. In 1954, South Vietnamese leaders successfully overthrew Ho Chi Minh and won independence fo
C
What was the result of the 1968 Tet Offensive?
A. Americans and their South Vietnamese allies fought off the Vietcong and North Vietnamese.
B. The successful attack by the North Vietnamese and the Vietcong resulted in their acquisition of a substantial am
A
What led to American intervention in the Persian Gulf War?
A. America launched an assault on Iraqi military targets after Saddam Hussein refused to withdraw from Kuwait.
B. America entered the Persian Gulf War to put an end to the repeated hostage crises
A
What country claimed Quebec?
A. Britain
B. France
C. The United Kingdom
D. Spain
B
Who wrote the Bill of Rights?
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. George Washington
C. James Madison
D. Alexander Hamilton
C
This was a brief yet meaningful uprising of western farmers against the government of Virginia culminating in the burning of Jamestown. Those responsible led this revolt because of: a lack of retaliatory action against Indian attacks on western farmers, d
A
This war was a series of conflicts between Native Americans and English settlers that resulted in the destruction of several English settlements and the decimation of Indian bands in New England.
King Philips War
This war was ultimately a battle between the British and the French over expansion into the Ohio River Valley. The British saw it as their gateway to western expansion and the French viewed it as their vital link between their possessions in Canada and th
7 years war
Where did the 1st Continental Congress meet?
Philadelphia
Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importa
D
This treaty ended the Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the US by giving the United States western land and independence.
A. Treaty of Paris 1783
B. Geneva Accords
C. Treaty of Paris 1763
A
This was an uprising in Massachusetts that followed the Revolutionary War. The rebellion was spurred by high taxes and economic depression among rural farmers of the state. The farmers shut down courts to prevent judges from seizing property or condemning
C
This was the first election under the Constitution.
______________________ was elected President with ______________________ as Vice President.
George Washington, John Adams
Who was the Secretary of State?
A. Jefferson
B. Hamilton
C. Madison
D. Knox
E. Randolph
A
Who was the secretary of war?
A. Jefferson
B. Hamilton
C. Madison
D. Knox
E. Randolph
D
Who was the attorney general in Washington's cabinet?
A. Jefferson
B. Hamilton
C. Madison
D. Knox
E. Randolph
E
During the election of 1796, this was the first election where candidates represented political parties.
Federalists __________________ and _____________ vs. DR ______________________ and _____________________. ______________________ won by a narrow victo
Adams, Pickney, Jefferson, Burr, Adams
Election of 1800:
DR ___________________ and _________________ vs Federalist President ______________________. ___________________ won.
Jefferson, Burr, Madison, Jefferson
Election of 1804:
- First election with separate ballots for President and VP (12th Amendment).
DR _____________ won against ___________________.
Jefferson, Clinton
Election of 1808
DR ____________ beats Federalist ___________________.
Madison, Pickney
Election of 1816:
Last election in which Federalists ran a candidate.
____________________ beats Federalist _______________________.
Monroe, King
Election of 1820:
_____________________ reelected without opposition.
Monroe
Election of 1824 (4 candidates)
__________________, ____________________, ___________________, and ______________________.
____________________ won.
Adams, Jackson, Clay, Crawford
Adams
Election of 1828
__________________ beats ___________________.
Jackson, Adams
Election of 1832
_____________________ beats _____________________.
Jackson, Clay
Election of 1836
Democrat __________________ defeats Whig _______________________.
Van Buren, Harrison
Election of 1840:
Whig __________________ defeats _________________.
Harrison, Van Buren
Who died one month into holding office?
Harrison
Election of 1844
_________________ defeats __________________.
Polk, Clay
Election of 1848
...
Election of 1928
___________________ beat Democrat ________________________.
Hoover, Smith
Hoover was the last Republican elected until 1952.
The generals at the Battle of Antietam were:
Union: _______________
Confederate: _______________
McClellan, Lee
When did the Japanese surrender?
1945
Jefferson was a(n) ________________________ while Hamilton was a(n) _______________________.
Federalist/Anti-Federalist
Anti-federalist, Federalist
This man was the 30th President who took officer after the death of Harding. He accelerated tax cuts and wanted to keep tariffs in place.
Calvin Coolidge
Anne Hutchinson is affiliated with which religious group?
Puritans
Who wrote the Atlanta Compromise?
Booker T. Washington
This Supreme Court decision declared that Cherokee Indians were entitles to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty. Jackson ignored it.
Worcester v. Georgia
Who was in the Populist Party?
William Jennings Bryan, Thomas E. Watson
whigs opposed ______________________.
Jackson
The direct cause of Congress's vote to impeach Andrew Johnson was
A. his opposition to Congressional Reconstruction
B. his opposition to the 15th Amerndment
C. corruption during his administration
D. his violation of the Tenure of Office Act
E. His veto o
D
This man was considered the "Spokesman for the South". He was a Democrat who advocated states' rights and said that the states had the right to nullify a federal law that states deemed was illegal.
John C. Calhou
What was the first major battle of the American Revolution?
Battle of Bunker Hill
What political party did William Jennings Bryan belong to?
Populist