agricultural density
the number of farmers per unit area of arable land (Ex: India has a high ______________ because there is a small amount of arable land and many people are forced to farm their own food rather than buying it from someone else)
antinatalist population policy
a country's policy that discourages people from having children (Ex: China's one-child policy)
arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area (Ex: China's _____________ is 148.5)
carrying capacity
the largest number of individuals an environment can support (Ex: the estimated _____________ of Earth is 10 million people.)
census
an official population count (Ex: every student in a school, every player on a team, every person in a town, etc.)
crude birth rate (CBR)
the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 peopel alive in a society (Ex: the USA's _____________ is 12.54 births for every 1,000 people)
crude death rate (CDR)
the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society. (Ex: the USA's _____________ is 8.5 people for every 1,000 people)
demographic transition model
a model of how the size of a population changes as a country develops its economy (Ex: The US is in Stage 4 of the _____________, meaning that it has a declining CBR, a moderately declining CDR and a moderate NIR)
dependancy ratio
the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years (Ex: the _____________ of the USA is 22.1)
doubling time
the number of years a population needs to double itself, given that its NIR is constant (Ex: the expected _____________ of the world is 61 years.)
ecumene
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. (Ex: dry lands, wet lands, cold lands, and high lands are not part of the _____________ because the conditions are not ideal for growing crops)
epidemiologic transition model
a model that shows the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition (Ex: Stage 1 is pestilence and famine, Stage 2 is receding pandemics, etc)
family planning
regulating the number of children born through the use of birth control and contraceptives
industrial revolution
the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation; started stage 2 of the DTM with a high CBR and a rapidly declining CDR
infant mortality rate
the percentage of children who die before they turn one year old within a particular area or country. (Ex: the _____________ of the US is 5.8)
life expectancy
a figure indicating how long an average person may be expected to live (Ex: the _____________ in the US is 78.69 years)
medical revolution
a dramatic increase of medical knowledge in stage 2 of the demographic transition (Ex: Pharmacology breakthrough of the 20th century)
natural increase rate
the percentage a population grows by in a year (Ex: the _____________ of the US is 3.23%)
overpopulation
the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living (Ex: Japan's population is 126.8 million)
physiological density
the number of people per unit area of arable land (Ex: Japan's _____________ of 7,953 per square mile)
population pyramid
a bar graph representing the distribution of the population by age and sex in a country; determined by CBR (Ex: the _____________ of a country with declining population would be skinniest toward the bottom, representing small numbers of young people, and
pronatalist population policy
a policy that encourages citizens to have more children to raise the CBR of the country, usually through incentives (Ex: Do It For Denmark campaign)
replacement fertility
the total fertility rate at which women would have only enough children to replace themselves and their partner; the TFR that maintains a stable population size (Ex: Austria has a relatively stable population pyramid, meaning that they have _____________)
total fertility rate
The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years (considered to be 15 to 49) (Ex: the global _____________ is 2.1)
East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Southeast Asia
Four major population clusters