culture
The sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. This is anthropologist Ralph Linton's definition; hundreds of others exist.
folk culture
Cultural traits such as dress modes, dwellings, traditions, and institutions of usually small, traditional communities.
popular culture
Culture traits such as dress, diet, and music that identify and are part of today's changeable, urban-based, media-influenced western societies.
local culture
Group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a collective or a community, who share experiences, customs, and traits, and who work to preserve those traits and customs in order to claim uniquenessand to distinguish themselves from others.
material culture
The art, housing, slothing, sports, dances, foods, an other similar items constructed or created by a group of people.
nonmaterial culture
The beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a culture.
hierarchical diffusion
A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. An urban hierarchy is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wide areas, with geographic distance a less im
hearth
The area where an idea or cultural trait originates.
assimilation
The process through which a people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture. Often used to describe immigrant adaptions to new places of reside
custom
Practice routinely followed by a group of people.
cultural appropriation
The process by which cultures adopt customs and knowledge from other cultures and use them for their own benefit.
neolocalism
The seeking out of the regional culture and reinvigorating it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world.
ethnic neighborhood
Neighborhood, typically situated in a larger metropolitan city and constructedby or comprised of a local culture, in which the local culture can practice its customs.
commodification
The process through which something is given monetary value. Occurs when a good or idea that previously was mot regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turned into something that has a particular price and that can be traded in a market economy.
authenticity
In the context of local cultures or customs, the accuracy with which a single stereotypical or typecast image or experience conveys an otherwise dynamic and complex local culture or its customs.
distance decay
The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less the interaction.
time-space compression
A term associated with the work of David Harvey that refers to the social and psychological effects of living in a world in which time-space convergence has rapidly reached a high level of intensity.
reterritorialization
WIth respect to popular culture, when people within a place start to produce an aspect of popular culture themselves, doing so in the context of their local culture and making it their own.
cultural landscape
The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. The layers of buildings, forms, and artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by activities ofvarious human occupants.
placelessness
Defined by geographer Edward Relph as the loss of uniqueness of a place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next.
global-local continuum
The notion that what happens at the global scale has direct effect on what happens at the local scale, and vice versa. This idea posits that the world is comprised of an interconnected eries of relationships that extend across space.
glocalization
The process by which people in a local place mediate and alter national, regional, and global processes.
folk-housing regions
A region in which the housing stock predominantly reflects the styles of building that are particular to the culture of the people who have long inhabited the area.
diffusion routes
The spatial trajectory through which cultural traits or other phenomena spread.