Agricultural Density
ratio number of farmers to the amount of arable land
Agricultural Revolution
time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Arithmetic Density
total number of people divided by total land area
Census
a form people fill out with personal information, given by the government
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society
Demographic Transition
change in a society's population
Demography
scientific study of population characteristics
Dependency Ratio
number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years
Doubling Time
number of years needed to double a population
Epidemiology
branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
Ecumene
portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Industrial Revolution
conjunction of major improvements in industrial technology that came to North America in 1800's from Europe
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births
Life Expectancy
measures average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels
Medical Revolution
medical technology from Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries. Improved practices have lengthened lives and eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poor countries
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
percentage by which a population grows in a year
Overpopulation
number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Pandemic
disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
Physiological Density
number of people supported by a unit of arable land
Population Pyramid
bar graph displaying a country's gender population by age and gender groups
Sex Ratio
number of males per hundred females in the population
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (15-49)
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
crude birth rate declines to the point where it equals the crude death rate and the natural increase approaches zero. TFR is 2.1
Epidemiological Transition
focuses on distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition