remittances
monies migrants send home to family
cyclic movement
short periods away from home
periodic movement
long periods way from home
migration
degree of permanence across signifcant distances in which the mover may never return home
activity spaces
daily rountine moves within a local area
nomadism
type of cyclic movement that is a matter of survival, culture, and tradition
migrant labor
a type of periodic movement in which involves millions of workers in the U.S. and tens of millions worldwide
trans-humance
a system of pastoral farming in which ranchers move livestock according to the seasonal availabiliy of pastures, it is also a type of periodic movement
military service
a type of periodic movement in which as many as 10 million U.S. citizens are moved to new locations where they will spend tours of duty that can last several years
international migration
movement across country borders (also called external migration)
internal migration
migration that occurs within a single country's borders
forced migration
the imposition of authority or power, producing involutary migration movements that cannot be understood based on theories of choice
voluntary migration
after a migrant weighs options and choices and can be analyzed and understood as a series of options or choices that result in movement
laws of migration
1.every migration flow generates a return or counter-migration
2.the majority of migrants move a short distance
3.migrants who move larger distances tend to choose big-city destinations
4.urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas
gravity model
predicts interactions between places on the basis of their population size and distance between them
push factors
conditions and perceptions that help the migrant decide to leave a place
pull factors
the circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales from other places-the decision of where to go
distance decay
the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction
step migration
streams that appear on maps as long, unbroken routes in fact consist of a series of stages
intervening opportunity
when African Americans by the tens of thousands migrated northward after World War 1 to seek work in growing cities like Chicago and Cleveland
kinship links
a migrant is often pulled to places where family and frends have already found success
chain migration
when the migrant chooses a destination and writes, calls, or communicates through others to tell family and friends at home about the new place
immigration waves
swells in migration from one origin to the same distination
global-scale
interactions occurring at the scale of the world
explorers
people examining a region that is unknown to them
colonization
a physical process where the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing the indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land
regional scale
interactions occurrring within a region
islands of development
coastal cities because their establishment was based on access to trade
guest workers
legal immigrants who has a work visa, usually short term
refugee
people who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country
internal refugees
people who have been displaced with in their own countries and do not cross international borders as they flee
international refugees
people who have crossed one or more international boundaries during their dislocation, searching for asylum in a different country
asylum
shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state
immigration laws
laws that restrict or allow migration of certain groups into a country; established to prevent the immigration of Chinese people to California
quotas
limit the number of migrants from each region into a country; permits the emigration to the U.S. of 3 percent of the number of its nationals living the the U.S. in 1910
selective immigration
individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from entering