AP Human Geography | Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Population Density

A measurement of people per given unit of land.

Arithmetic Population Density

The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit.

Physiologic Population Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land.

Population Distribution

Description of locations on the Earth's surface where populations live.

Dot Map

Maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomena, such as population.

Megalopolis

Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world...

Census

A periodic and official count of a country's population.

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.

Aging Index

The number of people aged 65 and older per 100 children to 14 years in a given population.

Doubling Time

The time required for a population to double in size

Population Explosion

The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase.

Zero Population Growth

A state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births.

Natural Increase

Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths. Natural increase of a does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements.

Crude Birth Rate

The number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population.

Crude Death Rate

The number of deaths per year per thousand people.

Demographic Transistion

High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain, this is followed by the convergence of birth rates and death rates at a low overall level.

Stationary Population Level

The level at which a national population ceases to grow.

Population Composition

Structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education.

Population Pyramids

Visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. The males in each age group are repr

Infant Mortality Rate

A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population.

Child Mortality Rate

A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population

Life Expectancy

A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state.

Infectious Diseases

Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human.

Chronic (Or Degenerative) Diseases

Generally long-lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expediencies.

Genetic (Or Inherited) Diseases

Diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in a human.

Endemic

A disease that is particular to a locality or a region.

AIDS (Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

Immune system disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as cancer or pneumonia

Expansive Population Policies

Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of the population growth.

Eugenic Government Polocies

Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over the others.

Restrictive Population Policies

Government policies that are designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.

One Child Policy

A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China.

Population Density

A measurement of people per given unit of land.

Arithmetic Population Density

The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit.

Physiologic Population Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land.

Population Distribution

Description of locations on the Earth's surface where populations live.

Dot Map

Maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomena, such as population.

Megalopolis

Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world...

Census

A periodic and official count of a country's population.

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.

Aging Index

The number of people aged 65 and older per 100 children to 14 years in a given population.

Doubling Time

The time required for a population to double in size

Population Explosion

The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase.

Zero Population Growth

A state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births.

Natural Increase

Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths. Natural increase of a does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements.

Crude Birth Rate

The number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population.

Crude Death Rate

The number of deaths per year per thousand people.

Demographic Transistion

High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain, this is followed by the convergence of birth rates and death rates at a low overall level.

Stationary Population Level

The level at which a national population ceases to grow.

Population Composition

Structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education.

Population Pyramids

Visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. The males in each age group are repr

Infant Mortality Rate

A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population.

Child Mortality Rate

A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population

Life Expectancy

A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state.

Infectious Diseases

Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human.

Chronic (Or Degenerative) Diseases

Generally long-lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expediencies.

Genetic (Or Inherited) Diseases

Diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in a human.

Endemic

A disease that is particular to a locality or a region.

AIDS (Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

Immune system disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as cancer or pneumonia

Expansive Population Policies

Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of the population growth.

Eugenic Government Polocies

Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over the others.

Restrictive Population Policies

Government policies that are designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.

One Child Policy

A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China.