Human Geography
Focuses on how people make places, how we organize space and society, how we interact with each other in places across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in our localities, regions, and the world.
Globalization
A set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening independence without regard to country borders.
Physical Geography
The study of physical phenomena on Earth
Spatial
The arrangement of places and phenomena, how they are laid out, organized, arranged on Earth, and how they appear on the landscape.
Spatial Distribution
How something is distributed across space.
Pattern
Regular manner of distribution among space.
Medical Geography
Mapping the distribution of a disease, and is the first step in finding the cause.
Pandemic
A worldwide outbreak of a disease.
Epidemic
A regional outbreak of a disease.
Spatial Perspective
It brings the many subfields of human geography together to explain multitudes of phenomena.
Five Themes
The Five Themes of Geography. Derived from the spatial perspective.
Location
How the geographical position of people and things on the Earth's surface affects what happens and why.
Location Theory
An element of contemporary human geography that seeks answers to a wide range of questions - theoretical of practical.
Human-Environment
Their interactions decipher the reciprocal relationship between humans and the environment
Regions
Places which features tend to be concentrated in particular areas.
Place
An area on Earth's surface that has unique human and physical characteristics.
Sense of Place
Infusing a place with meaning or emotion, remembering important events that occurred in a place.
Perceptions of Places
Ideas of places we get by books, movies, pictures, or videos.
Movement
The mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet.
Spatial Interaction
The interaction of people across space.
Distance
The measured physical space between two places.
Accessibility
The ease of reaching one location from another.
Connectivity
The degree of linkage between locations in a network.
Landscape
The material character of a place, the complex of natural features, human structures, and other tangible objects that give a place its particular form.
Cultural Landscape
The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape.
Sequent Occupance
Refers to the sequential imprints of occupants, whose impacts are layered one on top of the other.
Cartography
The art and science of map making.
Reference Maps
Show locations of places and geographic features.
Thematic Maps
Tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon.
Absolute Locations
Use a coordinate system that allows you to plot precisely where on Earth something is.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Allows us to locate things on earth with extraordinary accuracy.
Geocatching
When people use their GPS units to play a treasure hunt game all over the world.
Relative Location
Describes a place in relation to other human and physical features.
Mental Maps
Maps in our minds of places we have been and have merely heard of.
Activity Spaces
Those places we travel to routinely in our rounds of daily activity.
Generalized Map
Maps across the whole world are generalized because of the spatial view.
Remote Sensing
Using technology that is a distance away from the place being studied.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
An application to both human and physical geographic research.
Scale
The distance on a map compared to the distance on Earth, and the territorial extent of something.
Rescale
To involve players at other scales and create a global outcry for their positions.
Formal Region
A region with a shared cultural trait or physical trait.
Functional Region
Defined by a particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it.
Perceptual Region
Intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography, impressions and images of various regions.
Culture
The music, literature, arts, dress, living habits, food, architecture, systems of education, government, and a law of society.
Culture Trait
A single attribute of a culture.
Culture Complex
When more than one culture will exhibit a particular cultural trait.
Cultural Hearth
An area where culture traits develop and form which the cultural traits diffuse.
Independent Invention
The term for a trait which many hearths that developed independent of each other.
Cultural Diffusion
The process of the spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth to other places.
Time-Distance Decay
When the innovation decays more and more the farther away the place is from the hearth of an innovation.
Cultural Barriers
Traits in a culture that prevent other ideas from being adopted from another culture.
Expansion Diffusion
When an innovation or idea develops in the hearth and remains strong there while also spreading outward.
Contagious Diffusion
When nearly all adjacent individuals and places are affected by an innovation.
Hierarchal Diffusion
A pattern in which the main channel of diffusion is some segment of those who are susceptible to what is being diffused.
Stimulus Diffusion
An adaptation that was stimulated by the diffusion of one innovation that was simply too unattainable, but that which takes on a new innovation in that culture that doesn't allow the original innovation.
Relocation Diffusion
Requires the actual movement of people who have already adopted the idea, and who carry it to a distant locale.
Geographic Concepts
These bold-faced words in the textbook. :)
Environmental Determinism
Says that human behavior, individually and collectively, is strongly affected by the physical environment.
Isotherm
Lines connecting points of equal temperature values.
Possibilism
The argument that natural environment merely serves to limit the range choices available to a culture.
Cultural Ecology
An area of inquiry concerned with culture as a system of adaptation to an alteration of environment.
Political Ecology
An area of inquiry fundamentally concerned with the environmental consequences of dominant political-economic arrangements and understandings.
Fieldwork
When geographers go out in the field and see what people are doing, and how people's actions and reactions vary across space.
Human Geography
Focuses on how people make places, how we organize space and society, how we interact with each other in places across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in our localities, regions, and the world.
Globalization
A set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening independence without regard to country borders.
Physical Geography
The study of physical phenomena on Earth
Spatial
The arrangement of places and phenomena, how they are laid out, organized, arranged on Earth, and how they appear on the landscape.
Spatial Distribution
How something is distributed across space.
Pattern
Regular manner of distribution among space.
Medical Geography
Mapping the distribution of a disease, and is the first step in finding the cause.
Pandemic
A worldwide outbreak of a disease.
Epidemic
A regional outbreak of a disease.
Spatial Perspective
It brings the many subfields of human geography together to explain multitudes of phenomena.
Five Themes
The Five Themes of Geography. Derived from the spatial perspective.
Location
How the geographical position of people and things on the Earth's surface affects what happens and why.
Location Theory
An element of contemporary human geography that seeks answers to a wide range of questions - theoretical of practical.
Human-Environment
Their interactions decipher the reciprocal relationship between humans and the environment
Regions
Places which features tend to be concentrated in particular areas.
Place
An area on Earth's surface that has unique human and physical characteristics.
Sense of Place
Infusing a place with meaning or emotion, remembering important events that occurred in a place.
Perceptions of Places
Ideas of places we get by books, movies, pictures, or videos.
Movement
The mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet.
Spatial Interaction
The interaction of people across space.
Distance
The measured physical space between two places.
Accessibility
The ease of reaching one location from another.
Connectivity
The degree of linkage between locations in a network.
Landscape
The material character of a place, the complex of natural features, human structures, and other tangible objects that give a place its particular form.
Cultural Landscape
The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape.
Sequent Occupance
Refers to the sequential imprints of occupants, whose impacts are layered one on top of the other.
Cartography
The art and science of map making.
Reference Maps
Show locations of places and geographic features.
Thematic Maps
Tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon.
Absolute Locations
Use a coordinate system that allows you to plot precisely where on Earth something is.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Allows us to locate things on earth with extraordinary accuracy.
Geocatching
When people use their GPS units to play a treasure hunt game all over the world.
Relative Location
Describes a place in relation to other human and physical features.
Mental Maps
Maps in our minds of places we have been and have merely heard of.
Activity Spaces
Those places we travel to routinely in our rounds of daily activity.
Generalized Map
Maps across the whole world are generalized because of the spatial view.
Remote Sensing
Using technology that is a distance away from the place being studied.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
An application to both human and physical geographic research.
Scale
The distance on a map compared to the distance on Earth, and the territorial extent of something.
Rescale
To involve players at other scales and create a global outcry for their positions.
Formal Region
A region with a shared cultural trait or physical trait.
Functional Region
Defined by a particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it.
Perceptual Region
Intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography, impressions and images of various regions.
Culture
The music, literature, arts, dress, living habits, food, architecture, systems of education, government, and a law of society.
Culture Trait
A single attribute of a culture.
Culture Complex
When more than one culture will exhibit a particular cultural trait.
Cultural Hearth
An area where culture traits develop and form which the cultural traits diffuse.
Independent Invention
The term for a trait which many hearths that developed independent of each other.
Cultural Diffusion
The process of the spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth to other places.
Time-Distance Decay
When the innovation decays more and more the farther away the place is from the hearth of an innovation.
Cultural Barriers
Traits in a culture that prevent other ideas from being adopted from another culture.
Expansion Diffusion
When an innovation or idea develops in the hearth and remains strong there while also spreading outward.
Contagious Diffusion
When nearly all adjacent individuals and places are affected by an innovation.
Hierarchal Diffusion
A pattern in which the main channel of diffusion is some segment of those who are susceptible to what is being diffused.
Stimulus Diffusion
An adaptation that was stimulated by the diffusion of one innovation that was simply too unattainable, but that which takes on a new innovation in that culture that doesn't allow the original innovation.
Relocation Diffusion
Requires the actual movement of people who have already adopted the idea, and who carry it to a distant locale.
Geographic Concepts
These bold-faced words in the textbook. :)
Environmental Determinism
Says that human behavior, individually and collectively, is strongly affected by the physical environment.
Isotherm
Lines connecting points of equal temperature values.
Possibilism
The argument that natural environment merely serves to limit the range choices available to a culture.
Cultural Ecology
An area of inquiry concerned with culture as a system of adaptation to an alteration of environment.
Political Ecology
An area of inquiry fundamentally concerned with the environmental consequences of dominant political-economic arrangements and understandings.
Fieldwork
When geographers go out in the field and see what people are doing, and how people's actions and reactions vary across space.