Culture
comprised of the shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by society.
Cultural traits
individual elements of culture and include such things as food preferences, architecture, and land use.
How is globalization influencing cultural interactions and change?
Communication technologies (e.g., the Internet) are reshaping and accelerating interactions among people and places and changing cultural practices (e.g., use of English, loss of indigenous languages).
What are cultural patterns and landscapes and how do they vary by place and region?
- Regional patterns of language, religion, and ethnicity contribute to a sense of place, enhance placemaking, and shape the global cultural landscape.
- Language patterns and distributions can be represented on maps, charts, and language trees.
- Religiou
How do culture of culture and cultural traits diffuse through through time and space.
- Types of diffusion include expansion (contagious, hierarchical, stimulus) and relocation.
- Language families, languages, dialects, world religions, ethnic cultures, and gender roles diffuse from cultural hearths, resulting in interactions between local
How do ethnic and universalizing religions compare/contrast, how about their geographic patterns?
- Ethnic religions (e.g., Hinduism, Judaism) are generally found near the hearth or spread through relocation diffusion.
- Universalizing religions (e.g., Christianity, Islam, Buddhism) are spread through expansion and relocation diffusion.
How is culture expressed in landscapes and how does land/resource use represent cultural identity?
Cultural landscapes are amalgamations of physical features, agricultural and industrial practices, religious and linguistic characteristics, and other expressions of culture.
Compare and Contrast popular and folk culture and the geographic patterns associated with each
- Folk culture origins are usually anonymous and rooted in tradition and are often found in rural or isolated indigenous communities
- Popular culture origins are often urban, changeable, and influenced by the media.
Acculturate
when one group of people adopt the culture traits of another culture
Assimilate
the process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture
Cultural Landscape
a geographic area the includes cultural resources and natural resources associated with the interactions between nature and human behavior.
External vs. Internal Culture
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Syncretism
The blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait.
Adaptive strategies
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Anglo-American landscape
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characteristics
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Architectural form
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Built environment
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Folk culture
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Folk food
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Folk house
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Folk songs
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Folklore
oral traditions of a folk culture, including tales, fables, legends, customary observations, and moral teachings.
Material culture
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Nonmaterial culture
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Popular culture
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Survey systems
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Traditional architecture
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Anatolian Theory
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Creole
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Dialect
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Indo-European languages
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Isogloss
boundary that separates regions in which different language uses predominate.
Kurgan theory
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Language
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Language family
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Language group
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Language hearth
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Language subfamily
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Lingua franca
A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.
Linguistic diversity
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Monolingual/multilingual
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Official language
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Patois
generally rural or provincial speech or a nonstandard form of a language
Pidgin
an auxiliary language derived, with reduced vocabulary and simplified structure, from other languages
Toponymy
the place names of a region or, especially, the study of place names
Trade language
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Animism
Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.
Buddhism
a religion stating that there is no god, and that the path to happiness is self-realization
Cargo cult pilgrimage
a big religious movement by a large amount of people to Melanesia, it's important because Cargo Cults believe western goods have been traded to them by ancestral spirits.
Christianity
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Confucianism
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Denominations
A division of a branch of a religion that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body
Ethnic Religion
only can be born into, generally stays pretty close to hearth
exclave/enclave
country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country
- an exclave: is one which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory
- enclave: a portion of territory within or surrounded by a larger
fundamentalism
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geomancy (fung shui)
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Hajj
annual islamic pilgrimage to Mecca
Hinduism
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Interfaith boundaries
The boundaries between the world's major faiths
Islam
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Jainism
religion and philosophy originating in ancient India. Stresses spiritual independence and equality throughout all life.
Judaism
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Landscapes of the dead
The certain areas where people have commonly been buried.
Monotheism vs. polytheism
mono = believe in one God/deity
polytheism = multiple gods/deities/spirits
Mormonism
a branch of Amish Christianity that allows men to have several wives
muslim pilgrimage
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muslim population
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proselytic religion
Referred to as a Universalizing Religion, which is an attempt to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or location. There are three religions that practice this they are Christianity, Isl
Reincarnation
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Religion (groups, places)
One group is universalizing religions. These are Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. All of these have different branches. There's also ethnic religions, such as, Hinduism, Daoism, and Confucianism. These religions are spread out throughout the world.
religious architectural styles
These are the styles of architecture created by the religions. For example, Christians have always made temples, and Buddhists have always made a lot of religious statues.
Religious conflict
this is the conflicts between religions. One of these is Israel-Palestine. This consists of Roman Takeovers, Muslim conquests, and the crusades.
Religious culture hearth
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Religious toponym
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Sacred space
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Secularism
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Shamanism
This is the range of traditional beliefs and practices that claim the ability to cure, heal, and cause pain to people.
Sharia law
it is the legal framework within which public and some private aspects of life are regulated for those living in a legal system based on Muslim principles.
Shintoism
said to be the way of god. It is the native religion of Japan and was once its state religion. It involves the worship of kami (a god). Not very significant anymore and lost importance to today
Sikhism
is a religion that began in sixteenth century Northern India . The principal belief in Sikhism is faith in V?higur?. Emphasizes faith in god.
Sunni/Shia
political and theological division within Islam... followers of the Umayyads
Taoism
a Chinese value system and ethnic religion emphasizing conformity to Tao, the creative reality ordering the universe
Theocracy
A state whose government is under the control of a ruler who is deemed to be divinely guided
Universalizing
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Zoroastrianism
Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end.
Building style of each religion
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skipped ethnicity section
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Dowry death
disputes over the price to be paid by the family of the bride to the father of the groom (the dowry) have, in some extreme cases, lead to the death of the bride.
Enfranchisement
a statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the rights of citizenship and the right to vote)
Gender
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Gender gap
a measurable difference between the behaviors of men and women.
Infanticide
murdering an infant
Longevity gap
the difference of average expected life spans between groups of people, races, or nations