AP human geography ch. 13 not in book!

trade area

the region or section of the community from which you can expect to draw your customers

rank- size rule

A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the 11th largest settlement is Un the population of the largest settlement.

central place theory

A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of peop

sunbelt phenomenon

The movement of millions of Americans from northern and northeastern States to the South and Southwest regions(Sunbelt) of the United States.

functional zonation

division of a city into different regions or zones for certain purposes or functions

central city

the urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by newer suburbs

central business district

The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.

suburb

a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

suburbanization

The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.

concentric zone model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

edge cities

clusters of large buildings away from the central business district

urban realm

A spatial generalization of the large, late-twentieth-century city in the United States. It is shown to be a widely dispersed, multicentered metropolis consisting of increasingly independent zones or realms, each focused on its own suburban downtown; the

disamenity sector

The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords.

McGee model

Developed by geographer T.G. McGee, a model showing similar land-use patterns among the medium-sized cities of Southeast Asia.

Shanty towns

Little towns consisting largely of shacks that sprang up on outskirts of cities

zoning laws

generally passed by municipal governments, that control the kind and amount of development in an area

redlining

Illegal practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specific areas for reasons other than economic qualifications of applicants

blockbusting

Illegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell their properties by telling them that a certain people of a certain race, national origin or religion are moving into the area

commercialization

The transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity.

gentrification

the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)

tear-downs

houses that people buy to tear it down

McMansions

Homes referred to as such because of their "super size" and similarity in appearance to other such homes; homes often built in place of tear-downs in American suburbs.

urban sprawl

an aggregation or continuous network of urban communities

new urbanism

Outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.

gated communities

restricted neighborhoods or subdivisions, often literally fenced in, where entry is limited to residents and their guests

informal economy

Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy

world city

Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce.

primate city

a city that ranks first in a nation in terms of population and economy

spaces of consumption

Areas of a city, the main purpose of which is to encourage people to consume goods and services' driven primarily by the global media industry.

urban morphology

The physical layout of a city; its physical form and structure

city

people living in a large densely populated municipality

urban

relating to or concerned with a city or densely populated area

agricultural village

a relatively small, egalitarian village, where most of the population was involved in agriculture

agricultural surplus

enable a formation of cities, coincides with social stratification excess of agricultural crops.

social stratification

the condition of being arranged in social strata or classes within a group

leadership class

group of decision-makers and organizers in early cities who controlled the resources, and often the lives, of others

first urban revolution

The innovation of the city, which occurred independently in five separate hearths.

mesopotamia

first civilization located between the Tigris & Eurphrates Rivers in present day Iraq; term means "land between the rivers;" Sumerian culture

Nile river valley

fertile land in North Africa near the Nile River

Indus river valley

chronologically, the third urgan hearth, dating to 2200 bc

Huang He and Wei

Rivers in present-day China; it was at the confluence of the Huang He and Wei Rivers where chronologically the fourth urban hearth was founded by the Chinese.

Mesoamerica

Middle America" the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America

acropolis

the citadel in ancient Greek towns

agora

the marketplace in ancient Greece

site

physical position in relation to the surroundings

forum

a place of assembly for the people in ancient Greece

situation

physical position in relation to the surroundings