AP HuG chapter 13

Annexation

the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation

census tract

An area deliniated by the us beureau of the census for which statisitcs are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods

concentric zone model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

council of government

A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of local governments in a metropolitan area in the United States.

density gradient

the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery

edge city

a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area

filtering

a process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment

gentrification

the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)

greenbelt

a belt of parks or rural land surrounding a town or city

metropolitan statistical area

area with a city of 50 thousand or more people, together with adjacent urban communities that have strong ties to the central city.

micropolitan statistical area

An urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city.

multiple nuclei model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.

peripheral model

A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

public housing

a housing development that is publicly funded and administered for low-income families

redlining

drawing lines on a map to identify areas in which they will refuse to loan money

rush hour

the times at the beginning and end of the working day when many people are traveling to or from work

sector model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD).

smart growth

legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland.

sprawl

Progress spread of development over the landscape.

squatter settlement

An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

underclass

A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics.

urbanization

the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban

urbanized area

In the United States, a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs.

urban renewal

the clearing and rebuilding and redevelopment of urban slums

zoning ordinance

A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.