AP Human Geography Chapter 9 Vocab

developed country

mdc

developing country

ldc, has started to develope thouhg

development

A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

fair trade

Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.

foreign direct investment

Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country.

gender empowerment measure

Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.

gender related development index

Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes.

gross domestic product

The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally 1 year).

human development index

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy

less developed country

Also known as a developing country, a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic developementTh

literacy rate

The percentage of a country's people who can read and write.

more developed country

Also known as a relatively developed county or a developed country, a country that has progressed in relativety far along a continuum of development.

primary sector

The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry.

relatively developed country

mdc

secondary sector

The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.

structural adjustment program

Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private c

tertiary sector

The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment.

transnational corporation

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

value added

the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.

productivity

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.