situation factors
Involve transporing material to and from a factory-seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers
site factors
result from the unique characteristics of a location or they may be parts or materials made by other companies
bulk-reducing industry
industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products
bulk-gaining industry
makes something that gains volume or weight during production -located near where product is sold
single-market manufacturers
specialized manufacturers with only one or two costumers -location is often in close proximity to customers
YKK
worlds largest manufacturers of zippers has factories in 68 companies
just in time
proximity to the assembly plant is important because the diffusion of-parts delivered often in minutes rather than weeks or months in advance
trucks
most often used for short-distance delivery because they can be loaded and unloaded quickly
trains
often used to shop to destinations that take longer than a day to reach such as between the east and west coasts of the u.s
ships
are attractive for transport over long distances because the cost per kilometer is very low
air
most expensive for all distances so is usually reserved for speedy delivery of small bulk,high-value packages
break-of-bulk point
location where transfer among transportation modes is possible , where companies that use multiple transport modes
Pittsburgh
mid 19th century:southwestern u.s ;u.s steel industry concentrated around and center for research and administration
Lake Erie
late 19th century;steel mills were built around it and became the source for virtually all iron ore used in u.s steel industry
Lake Michigan
early 20th century where most new steel mills where located
labor
most important site factor
labor-intensive industry
an industry in which wages and other compensation paid to employees constitutes a high percentage of expenses
capital
manufacturers typically borrow capital-funds to establish new factories or expand existing ones
land
suitable for constructing a factory can be found in many places ;critical site factor
minerals
important inputs for many industries
nonmetallic minerals
in weight more than 90% of minerals that humans use
matalicxc metals
properties that are valuable fashioning machinery ,be jicama,and other essential elements of contemporary society
ferrous
alloy contains iron
nonferrous
doesn't contain iron