Laissez-Faire Economics
(leave alone);
the less the govt is involved in the economy, the better off the economy will be
John D. Rockefeller
head of Standard Oil Company (a monopoly on oil);
influenced the passing of anti-trust laws
OIL
Social Darwinism
survival of the fittest between businesses; Carnegie talked about it in Wealth
JP Morgan
wealthy financier and bankowner;
dominated American banking industry
BANKS
William Jennings Bryan
leader of populist party; wanted silver coinage;
secretary of state under Wilson;
ran multiple times for president, he never won;
"Cross of Gold" speech;
involved in Scopes trial
Jim Crow Laws
Laws promoting segregation and separate but equal facilities, etc
Plessy v. Ferguson
upheld Jim Crow Laws ("separate but equal");
1896
ended by Brown v. Board of education
Booker T Washington
african-american leader;
believed education and establishing an economic base was more important b4 civil rights
W.E.B. DuBois
african-american activist;
disagreed with Booker T. Washington, believed civil rights were more necessary than education
Isolationism
america's philosophy until WWI;
stay out of international affairs
Spanish American War
revolts in Cuba against Spanish rule;
america supports cuba's desire to be independent;
spain wanted to own cuba;
america won and gained puerto rico
Progressivism
pro-social reform;
Teddy Roosevelt's "square deal"
want more power to go to the executive/federal government
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
prohibits trusts (breaks up monopolies);
goal: preserve competition in work place
mostly symbolic and didn't do anything
The New Deal
FDR's plan for social reform, many new government programs like AAA, PWA, CCC
Dust Bowl
overfarming and bad weather lead to winds carrying topsoil all over the midwest, hurting the economy
Adolf Hitler
leader of Nazi Germany during WWII, believed in eradicating the Jews in his "final solution"
NAZI
Appeasement
The giving of land to an enemy in exchange for peace
Blitzkrieg
lightning war";
Hitlers war method of swiftly taking country aftter country;
used tanks and men and airforce, etc all at once
Pearl Harbor
(Dec 7, 1941) Japan surprise-attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii:
got America into the big mess of a war
Leap Frogging in the Pacific
America takes only strategically important islands needed to get closer to Japan
D-Day
allied naval invasion of Normandy on june 6, 1944;
largest amphibious invasion in history
Battle of the Bulge
Last major German counter attack; 80k American casualties, 85k German casualties
Iwo Jima
important airstrip on volcanic island that America needs to get to Japan
RLY bloody
Okinawa
island needed as a staying ground for invasion of Japan
RLY
BLOODY
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
america dropped 2 nuclear bombs on these two cities in japan, causing them to surrender
Harry Truman
Became president when FDR died;
gave the order to drop the atomic bomb;
his doctrine was about containing communism;
stupid head got US involved in Korean War
United Nations
organization among non communist nations
peace
NSC-68
document given to truman to warn him of the dangers of communism
Yalta Conference
a meeting btw the WW2 govt officials of US (Roosevelt), UK (Churchill), and USSR (Stalin) to discuss post-war conditions (including self-liberation for Europe and division of Germany)
Containment
American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world
John F Kennedy
became president in 1960, handled the cuban missile crisis, shot on nov 22, 1963 by lee harvey Oswald
Prohibition
A law forbidding the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages; 18th amendment
16th Amendment
Allows the federal government to collect income tax
17th Amendment
Popular Election of Senators
President Theodore Roosevelt
became president in 1901 when mckinley was shot;
his square deal was a method to give equal rights to all citizens;
founder of the progressive party;
pro- ecological preservation;
RR strike of 1902;
anti-monopoly
18th Amendment
prohibited manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol
Election of 1912
wilson v. taft v. roosevelt v. debs; wilson won
Bull Moose Party
(progressive party & wing of republican party)
teddy roosevelt's party that he created when he broke off of the republicans
Woodrow Wilson
president from 1912-1920;
guided america through WWI;
"New Freedom"
against monopolies
New Freedom
woodrow wilson's plan for a progressive america involved in international affairs;
goals: lower tariffs, no monopolies, banking reform
Federal Reserve Act
made 12 federal reserves that held 6% of participating banks' $ in case of financial crisis
Wilson's 14 Points
wilson's plans for dealing with foreign affairs to deal with germany and prevent another world war
League of Nations
alliance between nations proposed by wilson; did not pass
Return to Normalcy
harding's campaign slogan; return to isolationistic america after WWI
Stock Market Crash
oct 29, 1929
many people sold their stocks at once causing their value to go down, causing the great depression
Election of 1932
Hoover v FDR
FDR wins
Court-Packing
fdr's plan to make the supreme court more progressive by adding 6 more judges; congress says no
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
alliance between the countries in the north atlantic to protect each other
Korean War
1950-1953;
fought to contain the spread of communism into south korea;
began when NK invaded SK
38th II
House Committee on Un-American Activities
created to try and find the communists in america
Joe McCarthy
very afraid of communists in america and inspired hate and fear of them; accused many govt workers of being communist
Mass Consumerism
after WWII, no more rations, so people can buy more superfluities;
credit card helped in this
Dwight D. Eisenhower
cant change hearts of men w/ laws or decisions"
still desegregated military and DC
ended Korean War
Little Rock Central High School situation
Brown v. Board of Education
Strikes down Plessy v Ferguson; prohibited segregation
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Because Rosa Parks was taken to jail, a group of black women organized a boycott of the busses; major impact because 75% of bus riders are black; 381 days; so busses desegregated
Rosa Parks
wouldnt give up seat for white so arrested
Martin Luther King Jr.
Civil rights leader; promoted non violent protests; letter from Birmingham city jail; march on Washington & I Have A Dream
Ho Chi Minh
Leader of Viet Minh;
communist;
"uncle ho
Dien Bien Phu
Vietnam revolts against French rule;
12,000 French surrounded by 50,000 Viet Minh
Vietnam gains freedom
Viet Cong
Previously Viet Minh; led by Ho Chi Minh; against America; their killing lead to Operation Rolling Thunder; Tet Offensive
Sputnik
1st satellite shot up into space (Russian); in response NASA was created a year later
Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution
revolutionary leader of Cuba
Birmingham Demonstrations (1963)
peaceful civil rights protests
Miranda v. Arizona
police are required to inform a person being arrested of their basic rights
Berlin Wall
created to keep W & E Berlin apart
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
USSR: missiles -> cuba
US: "quarantined" cuba
USSR: removes US missiles
conditions: US has to sell USSR surplus wheat, install a "hot-line" telephone btw Washington and Moscow, and remove US missles from Turkey, Berlin, and Italy
Lyndon B. Johnson
Kennedy's VP;
Pres cuz Kennedy got assassinated;
created Great Society;
deepened US' involvement in Vietnam
The Great Society
a social service program created by LBJ
created a bunch of legislation that made America and American lives better
Medicare
LBJ's
A federal program of health insurance for people 65 years of age and older who have paid into the system
Medicaid
LBJ's
A federal program of health insurance for people in poverty;
funded by tax payers
Malcom X
aggressive civil rights leader;
violence instead of peace
Domino Theory
if one pillar of containment is knocked down, the others will fall behind it
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
president is allowed to take needed actions to prevent communism but not to involve America in a foreign war
Tet Offensive
Viet Cong ignore the holiday to attack American and South Vietnam forces
Election of 1968
Nixon v Wallace
Nixon won
Richard Nixon
republican who tried to cover up being in the Watergate scandal;
resigned from office before congress could impeach him
Gerald Ford
president after Nixon
stupid head pardons Nixon for Watergate scandal
but he is also not a stupid head cuz he gave support to Israel and Egypt and limited the use of nuclear weapons abroad