LINCOLN STEFFENS
Magazine editor who published a series of articles on political corruption in American cities.
JACOB RIIS
Newspaper photographer in New York who published pictures of the living conditions of the immigrant poor on the Lower East Side, which shocked the nation. "How the Other Half Lives".
JANE ADDAMS
Founder of Hull House in Chicago, one of the first settlement houses in America
IDA TARBELL
Muckraking journalist who wrote "The History of Standard Oil" which exposed John D. Rockefeller's business practices
UPTON SINCLAIR
Muckraking journalist who wrote "The Jungle" about the conditions in the meat packing industry in Chicago.
JOHN DEWEY
Education reformer who advocated for public school reform and created the basic format of schools in America
MARGARET SANGER
Nurse who advocated for women having access to birth control and knowledge about preventing pregnancy.
IDA B. WELLS
African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT
Leading Suffragist. President of NAWSA
ALICE PAUL
Suffragist. Founder of the National Woman's Party which forced Congress to pass & ratify the 19th Amendment
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
Believed that African Americans needed to separate from White Americans and build economic independence before they could gain civil & political equality
W.E.B. DuBOIS
Founder of the Urban League. Believed that African Americans must have civil & political equality with Whites immediately. Strongly disagreed with Washington.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Mr. Jacobs' favorite POTUS. Led many Progressive reforms, and was known as a "Trustbuster
JOHN MUIR
Environmental activist who pushed Congress to create Yosemite National Park
WOODROW WILSON
Democrat elected POTUS in 1912 after TR & Taft split the Republican vote. He led US during WWI, and signed the 19th Amendment
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
TR's successor as POTUS. His life long dream was actually to be Chief Justice of the SCOTUS
GIFFORD PINCHOT
Advised TR and created the idea of "Rational Use" that forests could be protected for future generations and use for logging at the same time.
SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT
Outlawed monopolies & practices that restrained trade, such as price fixing
NATIONAL RECLAMATION ACT
Provided federal irrigation projects to bring water to dry areas of the country, particularly in the south & west
ELKINS ACT
Imposed fines on railroads that gave special rates to favored shippers
HEPBURN ACT
Authorized the federal government to regulate railroad rates & set maximum rates for ferries, bridge tolls & oil pipelines
MEAT INSPECTION ACT
Allowed the government to inspect meat sold across state lines & required inspection of meat processing plants.
PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT
Allowed inspection of food & medicine, banned shipping & sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and medicine
16TH AMENDMENT
Created the Income Tax
FEDERAL RESERVE ACT
Created the Federal Reserve Board to oversee banks & the nation's money supply
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ACT
Established the Federal Trade Commission to monitor business practices, false advertising & dishonest labeling
CLAYTON ANTI-TRUST ACT
Strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by spelling out exactly what businesses could not do
19TH AMENDMENT
Gave women the right to vote.
PROGRESSIVISM
The belief that new ideas and honest, effective government could bring about social justice and improve society.
MUCKRAKERS
Writers, photographers, journalists who brought attention to the unfair conditions in American life, business & society.
THE JUNGLE
Book written by Upton Sinclair exposing the conditions in Chicago meat packing plants
HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES
Book of photographs published by Jacob Riis illustrating the living conditions of the poor on the Lower East Side of New York.
SOCIAL GOSPEL
Belief that by following the teachings of Jesus in the Bible that people could improve the lives of the poor
SETTLEMENT HOUSES
Community centers for the poor that provided child care, education, health care as well as theater, art & dance programs.
DIRECT PRIMARY
Process by which voters directly choose candidates for office.
REFERENDUM
Process by which voters could approve or reject laws passed by their legislators
TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
The movement to ban alcoholic beverages
SUFFRAGE
The movement to grant women the right to vote
NAWSA
National American Woman's Suffrage Association
AMERICANIZATION
The process of assimilation into American society & culture. Becoming an American
NIAGARA MOVEMENT
The Niagara Movement was a black civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group led by W. E. B. Du Bois. The Niagara Movement was a call for opposition to racial segregation and disenfranchisement, and it was opposed to policies of accommodation and
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Civil Rights organization founded by W.E.B. DuBois. Primary focused on middle class issues such as access to decent housing & professional career opportunities
URBAN LEAGUE
Civil Rights organization which focused more on the problems of urban poor blacks, helping families buy clothes & books and send their children to school
ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE
Civil Rights organization dedicated to supporting Jews against violence, fighting anti-Semitism
SQUARE DEAL
Theodore Roosevelt's policies to make sure all Americans were treated fairly.
TRUSTBUSTING
Roosevelt's efforts to break up large trusts & monopolies and ensure fair business practices
RATIONAL USE" POLICY
The idea that forests could be protected for future generations while at the same time used for logging.
NEW NATIONALISM
Roosevelt's term for a program to restore the government's "trustbusting" power, which was cut back after Taft become POTUS
NEW FREEDOM
Woodrow Wilson's plan for regulating business operations and conduct. Very similar to TR's New Nationalism