schemas
psychological structures that organized experience
task analysis
research technique of identifying goals, relevant information in environment, and potential processing strategies for problem
attention
mental process that determines which information an individual processes further
memory
how information is encoded, stored, retrieved
overlapping waves theory
information processing approach that emphasizes variability of children's thinking
encoding
process of representing in memory information that draws attention or is considered important
zone of proximal development
difference between what children can do with assistance vs alone
social scaffolding
more competent people provide temporary framework that supports children's thinking at higher level than children would manage alone
intersubjectivity
mutual understanding that people share during communication
joint attention
process in which social partners intentionally focus on common referent in external environment
information processing theories
class of theories that focus on structure of cognitive system and mental activities used to deploy attention and memory to solve problems
subitizing
perceptual process by which adults and children can look at few objects and almost immediately how know many objects are present
naive psychology
common sense level of understanding of other people and oneself
fluid intelligence
ability to think on the spot to solve novel problems
crystalized intelligence
factual knowledge about the world