Chapter 18 Terms- P.2

estates

order of social hierarchy in France until the French Revolution

tithes

tax for support of chruch and clergy

the grand tour

trip around major european capitals to complete an aristocratic son's education

patrician

aristocrat or nobleman

bourgeoisie

middle class

cahiers de doleances

lists of grievances drawn up by the 3 estates

abbe steyes

French clergyman and political writer

national assembly

revolutionary assembly formed by representatives of the Third Estate

Tennis Court Oath

The national assembly agreement to remain united and create their own constitution

the Bastille

fortress and prison stormed by revolutionaries in protest, was symbol of tyranny

National guard

French militia tasked with policing and as a military reserve

The Great Fear

general panic that took place at the beginning of the French Revolution

Declaration of the Rights and Man and citizen

political document that preceded the country's first republican constitution

assignat

paper money issued by the French National Assembly

Civil Constitution of the clergy

passed to make the church subordinate to the French government

Legislative Assembly

legislature of France during French Revolution

active citizens

males who elected legislators, passed tax qualifications

Jacobins

members of a revolutionary political movement

Declaration of Pillnitz

issued by Frederick William II of Prussia, expressing concern over developments in France

the Marseillaise

national anthem of France, adopted during the revolution

Paris commune

radical socialist and revolutionary government that ruled shortly after the defeat of Napoleon III

Sans-culottes

lower class Parisian Republicans in the French Revolution

Georges Danton

First president of the committee of public saftey

National Convention

First French government organized as a republic

Girondins

political faction within legislative assembly and National Convention

Mountain

political group who had members in highest position, led by Robespierre

Committee of Public Safety

formed executive government of France during the reign of terror

Maximillien Robespierre

French lawyer and politician, associated with reign of terror

nation in arms

650,000 troops mobilized, people's war fought by people

total war

full devotion of resources of a country towards war , all targets are fair game

Reign of terror

period after establishment of First French Republic

de-Christianization

various policies that secularized France from 1789-1801

Touissant L'Overture

Leader of Haitian Revolution

Thermidorean Reaction

the beheading and arrest of Robespierre and his associates

Constitution of 1795

prepared by Thermidorean convention, much more conservative than previous constitution

directory

group of 5 men who held the executive power in France; chosen by legislature

Napoleon Bonaparte

Emperor of France from 1804 until 1814, rose through military ranks

Josaphine de Beaharnais

first wife of Napoleon and first Empress of France

coup d'etat

violent, sudden and illegal seizure of governmental power

concordat

an agreement or treaty, especially between the vatican and a secular government

Code Napoleon, civil code

French civil code established under Napoleon in 1804; drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists

prefects

new official that replaced elected assemblies

conscription

compulsory enlistment for state service

Germaine de Stael

French woman of letter of Swiss origin

army

Napoleon's grand army of 600k that invaded Russia in 1812

Continental System

Blockade against Great Britain by Napoleon, attempt to weaken British economy

nationalism

patriotic feelings principles or efforts