assume
to accept as true without proof
combination
a selection of objects in which order is not important
event
the occurrence of a possible outcome
factorial
The product of all positive integers less than or equal to the number given; denoted with an exclamation point
outcome
A possible result of an experiment
permutation
An arrangement of items in a specific order
Fundamental Counting Principle
used to determine the umber of possible outcomes given multiple independent events
Calculating Permutations
nPr = n!/(n-r)!
Calculating Combinations
nCr = n!/((n-r)!r!)
complement
all elements in the universal set except those in the given set
experimental probability
the probability of an event occurring based on experimental data calculations
geometric probability
a probability that involves a geometric measure such as length, area, or volume
law of large numbers
the principle stating that the experimental probability of an event approaches the theoretical probability of the event as the number of trials approaches infinity
sample space
the set of all possible outcomes for a given situation
theoretical probability
the probability of an event occurring in theory as determined logically using counting methods; the number of desired outcomes divides by the total number of possible outcomes
Complements of Events
The complement of event A, denoted Ac, consists of all outcomes that are NOT the event
Calculating Theoretical Probability
P(A) = number of favorable outcomes/number of possible outcomes
Calculating Experimental Probability
P(A) = number of favorable outcomes/number of trials
conditional probability
the probability that a specific event will occur, given that another specific event has already occurred
independent events
events in which the outcome of one does not affect the outcome of the other