outcome
the result of one trial of an experiment
sample space
the set of different possible individual outcomes of a chance process
event
the set A of the outcomes of an experiment (so A is a subset of the sample space)
probability
the likelihood of an event
theoretical probability
the fraction or percentage of times that the event should happen
empirical/experimental probability
the fraction or percentage of times given event occurs when you perform an event a number of times
uniform probability model
a probability model in which distinct possible outcomes of a chance process are all equally likely
Law of Large Numbers
The more trials we conduct of a given experiment, the closer the experimental probability of an event gets to the theoretical probability of the event.
multi-stage experiment
performing several experiments in a row, such as flipping a coin three times in a row (a three-stage experiment) or rolling a dice twice (a two-stage experiment).
independent
if the result of one outcome has no bearing on the result of the next outcome
dependent
if the result of one outcome affects the result of the next outcome
four main components of teaching statistics
formulate questions, collect data, analyze data, interpret results
two types of data
numerical and categorical
population
full set of people or things that the study is designed to investigate
sample
a subset of the population
graphs for categorical data
real graph, pictograph, bar graph, pie chart
graphs for numerical data
dot plot, histogram, stem and leaf plot, line graph, scatterplot
real graph
uses real objects to display data
pictograph
uses icons or pictures to display data instead of real objects