Probability
A measure of the likelihood of a random phenomenon or chance behavior
Outcomes
Results of a probability experiment
Law of Large Numbers
As the number of repetitions of a probability experiment increases, the proportion with which a certain outcome is observed gets closer to the probability of the outcome.
Experiment
Any process with uncertain results that can be repeated.
Sample Space
The collection of all possible outcomes
Event
any collection of outcomes from a probability experiment
Probability model
Lists the possible outcomes of a probability experiment and each outcome's probability.
Impossible
the probability of the event is 0
Certainty
the probability of the event is 1
Unusual event
An event that has a low probability of occuring.
Empirical Evidence
Evidence based on the outcomes of a probability experiment.
Equally likely outcomes
When each outcome has the same probability of occurring
Tree diagram
a diagram that shows all the different outcomes of an experiment
Subjective Probability
a probability obtained on the basis of person judgement
Disjoint
two events that have no outcomes in common
Mutually Exclusive
Another name for disjoint events
Venn Diagram
A diagram that pictures events using circles and a rectangle
General Addition Rule
For any two events E and F, P(E or F)=P(E)+P(F)-P(E and F)
Contingency (two way) Table
A table of information that relates two categories of data
Complement
All outcomes in the sample space S that are not outcomes in the event E
Independent
When the occurrence of event E in a probability experiment does not affect the probability of event F.
Dependent
When the occurrence of event E in a probability experiment does affect
the probability of event F.
Conditional Probability
Probability that the event F occurs, given that the event E has occurred
General Multiplication Rule
The probability that 2 events E and F both occur is: P(E
and F) = P(E)�P(F|E)
Multiplication Rule of Counting
If a task consists of a sequence of choices in which there
are p selections for the 1 st choice, q selections for the 2 nd choice, r selections for the 3 rd choice,
and so on, then the task of making these selections can be done in p � q � r � ...different ways.
Factorial Symbol
If n ? 0 is an integer then n! = (n)(n - 1)...3 �2�1
Permutation
An ordered arrangement in which r objects are chosen from n distinct
objects and repetition is not allowed.
Combination
A collection, without regard to order, of n distinct objects without
repetition.