Acculturation
when one group of people adopt the culture traits of another culture
Assimilation
the process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture
Cultural Adaptation
new people adapt to the culture of the previously existing people
Cultural Ecology
the place and location of a specific culture based on ecology
Cultural Landscape
the landscape in which people have affected by cultural means
Culture Realm
a group of culture traits
Culture Region
group of culture realms, in formal, functional, and vernacular
Diffusion Types
expansion and relocation, expansion is the expanding, and relocating is moving
Maladaptive Diffusion
Diffusion of a process with negative side effects or What works well in one region may not in another
Sequence Occupancy
Refers to such cultural succession and its lasting imprint proposed by Derwent Whittlesey
Adaptive Strategies
strategies that make people adapt to the prevailing culture
Folk Culture
a prevailing culture in a homogeneous population
Popular Culture
a culture that is always changing by a heterogeneous population
Creole
a formalized pidgin language
Dialect
variant of a language
Indo-European Languages
Romance and Germanic languages spoken by about 50% of the world's population
Isogloss
geographical boundary lines where linguistic features meet
Language Family
and group of languages with the same proposed hearth
Language Group
a grouping of languages by geographers based on similarities, etc.
Language Subfamily
a section of a language family
Lingua Franca
an international language used for trade and commerce
Monolingual/Multilingual
mono- one language, multi- more than one language
Official Language
the main language spoken by a country
Pidgin
a language that is just a mix of several languages
Toponym
a name for a place
Animism
Most prevalent in Africa and the Americas, the doctrine saying that the world is infused through spirits, and supernatural powers
Buddhism
a religion stating that there is no god, and that the path to happiness is self-realization
Christianity
monotheistic religion that is most adopted in the world that believes in Christ
Confucianism
the religion that follows a set of philosophies
Ethnic Religion
religion that is adopted mainly by people of one race
Exclave/Enclave
An enclave is a country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country; an exclave is one, which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory.
Fundamentalism
literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion.
Geomancy
is a method of prediction that interprets markings on the ground, or how handfuls of dirt land when someone tosses them. The Arabic tradition consists of sketching sixteen random lines of dots in sand.
Hajj
the pilgrimage to Mecca for Islam followers, it's the fifth of the five pillars
Sunni/Shiite
the two branches of the Muslim religion, divided by a conflict over the prophet
Taoism
religion based on Chinese philosophy
Universalizing
the spreading of a religion worldwide
Zoroastrianism
is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster
Hinduism
Created in India, approximately one billion followers. Unlike other religions, heaven isn't always the ultimate goal in life. Third largest in world behind Christianity and Islam. Talk about Karma (what goes around comes around.)
Interfaith Boundaries
boundary that separates two religious views
Islam
means the submission to the will of god, also monotheistic religion originating with the teachings of Muhammad, a key religious figure
Jainism
religion and philosophy originating in ancient India. Stresses spiritual independence and equality throughout all life
Judaism
It is the religion of ancient Hebrews, said to be one of the first monotheistic faiths
Monotheistic/Polytheistic
mono- one god, poly-many gods
Mormonism
a branch of Amish Christianity that allows men to have several wives
Muslim pilgrimage
If physically and financially able, a Muslim makes a pilgrimage to Mecca, they usually make the trip around Ramadan, this pilgrimage is also referred to as Hajj
Proselytic Religion
Referred to as a Universalizing Religion, which is an attempt to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or location
Reincarnation
birth after death
Secularism
this is the belief that humans should be based on facts and not religious beliefs
Shamanism
this is the range of traditional beliefs and practices that claim the ability to cure, heal, and cause pain to people
Sharia Law
it is the legal framework within which public and some private aspects of life are regulated for those living in a legal system based on Muslim principles
Shintoism
said to be the way of god. It is the native religion of Japan and was once its state religion. It involves the worship of kami (a god). Not very significant anymore and lost importance to today
Sikhism
a combination of Hinduism and Islam
Acculturation
Process of adopting only certain customs that will be to their advantage
Assimilation
the succession of one race into another
Dowry Death
death of a wife over the families offer off to marriage
Ethnic Cleansing
an attempt to remove all the people of one race or ethnicity
Ethnocentrism
the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture
Enfranchisement
suffrage
Infanticide
is the practice of someone intentionally causing the death of an infant