Integumentary System Pathological Conditions (Ch5)

acne vulgaris

a common inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, back, and neck; appears as papules, pustules, and comedos; commonly known as acne

albinism

a condition characterized by absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

burns

tissue injury produced by flame, heat, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gasses. The extent of the damage is determined by the mode and duration of exposure, the thermal intensity of temperature, and the anatomic sit of the burn. Burn degree is classi

callus

a common (usually painless) thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction, such as the weight-bearing areas of the feet and on the palmar surface of the hands. This localized hyperplastic area of up to 1 inch in size is also known

carcinoma, basal cell

a malignant epithelial cell tumor that begins as a slightly elevated nodule with a depression or ulceration in the center that becomes more obvious as the tumor grows. As the depression enlarges, the tissue breaks down, crusts, and bleeds

carcinoma, squamous cell

a malignancy of the squamous (or scalelike) cells of the epithelial tissue, which is a mush faster growing cancer than BCC and which has a greater potential for metastasis if not treated

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin, seen in several forms. May be acute or chronic, contact of seborrheic

eczema

an acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs and accompanied by intense itching

exanthematous viral diseases

a skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation, having specific diagnostic features of an infectious viral disease

gangrene

tissue death due to the loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria, and subsequent decay of enzymes (especially proteins), producing an offensive, foul odor

herpes zoster (shingles)

an acute viral infection characterized by painful vesicular eruptions on the skin following along the nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves

hyperkeratosis

an overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis

impetigo

contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face

Kaposi's sarcoma

vascular malignant lesions that begin as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the face and oral cavity but can occur anywhere on the body and gradually spread throughout the skin

keloid

an enlarged, irregularly shaped, and elevated scar that forms due to the presence of large amounts of collagen during the formation of the scar

keratosis

skin condition in which there is a thickening and overgrowth of the cornified epithelium

seborrheic keratosis

appears as brown or waxy yellow wartlike lesion(s), 5 to 20 mm in diameter, loosely attached to the skin surface

actinic keratosis

a premalignant, gray or red-to-brown, hardened lesion caused by excessive exposure to sunlight. Also called solar keratosis

leukoplakia

white, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to the mucous membrane in areas such as the mouth, vulva, or penis

malignant melanoma

malignant skin tumor originating from melanocytes in preexisting nevi, freckles, or skin with pigment; darkly pigmented cancerous tumor

nevus (mole)

a visual accumulation of melanocytes, creating a flat or raised rounded macule or papule with definite borders

onychocryptosis

ingrown nail. The nail pierces the lateral fold of skin and grows into the dermis, causing swelling and pain

onychomycosis

a fungal infection of the nails

pediculosis

a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by blood-sucking lice

pemphigus

a rare incurable disorder manifested by blisters in the mouth and on the skin which spread to involve large areas of the body, including the chest, face, umbilicus, back, and groin

pilonidal cyst

a closed sac located in the sacrococcygeal area of the back, sometimes noted at birth as a dimple

psoriasis

a common, noninfectious, chronic disorder of the skin manifested by silvery-white scales covering round, raised, reddened plaques producing itching (pruritus)

rosacea

chronic inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the skin of the middle third of the face. The individual has persistent redness over the areas of the face, nose, and cheeks

scabies

a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by the "human itch mite," resulting in a rash, pruritus, and slightly raised thread-like skin lines

scleroderma

a gradual thickening of the dermis and swelling of the hands and feet to a state in which the skin is anchored to the underlying tissue

systemic lupus erythematosus

a chronic, multi-system, inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and skin, renal problems, and vasculitis. A red rash known as the "butterfly rash" is often seen on the nose and face

tinea

more commonly known as ringworm, a chronic fungal infection of the skin that is characterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions, named according to the body part affected

tinea capitis

ringworm of the scalp (more common in children)

tinea corporis

ringworm of the body is characterized by round patches with elevated red borders of pustules, papules, or vesicles that affect the non-hairy skin of the body. The lesion actually looks like a circle and is raised

tinea cruris

ringworm of the groin; also known as jock itch

tinea pedis

ringworm of the foot; also known as athlete's foot

wart (verruca)

a benign, circumscribed, elevated skin lesion that results from hypertrophy of the epidermis; caused by the human papilloma virus