Antepartum
prenatal, before birth phase of pregnancy
Intrapartum
during birth phase
Postpartum
after birth phase
Naegle's Rule
is used to determine the estimated delivery date, (Add 7 days to the first day of the LMP, (-) 3 months & (+) 1 year).
Presumptive pregnancy signs
amenorrhea, nausea, breast tenderness, deepening pigmentation, urinary frequency, quickening
Probable pregnancy sign
Goodell's signs, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign, McDonald's sign, abdominal enlargement, Braxton hicks contractions, ballottement, striae, positive pregnancy test,
Postive pregnancy signs
audible fetal heartbeat, fetal movement felt by examiner, ultrasound visualization of fetus
Hegar's sign
softening of the lower uterine segment
Goodell's sign
softening of the cervix and the vagina caused bt increased vascular congestion.
Chadwick's sign
purplish/bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva caused by increased vascular congestion.
Ballottement
a maneuver by which the fetal part is displaced by a light tap of the examining finger on the cervix, and then the part rebounds quickly.
Alpha-fetoprotein test
determines the level of this fetal protein in the pregnant woman's serum or in a sample of amniotic fluid; test for neural deficits such as, spinal bifida & low levels of Down's, and test amniotic fluids
Amniocentesis
insertion of a thin needle through the abdominal and uterine walls to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid for laboratory examination and fetal assessment.
Fetal non-stress test
assess fetal well being, measures the fetal heart rate changes in relation to fetal movement
Uterus size and capacity pre-pregnancy
small, muscular, pear-shaped pelvic organ that weighs about 2 oz, and has a capacity of about 10 mL
Uterus size and capacity at end of pregnancy
weighs about 2.2 lbs, capacity is about 5000 mL
Effacement
cervical thinning
Dilation
cervical opening
Colostrum
thin, yellow fluid, "premilk
Supine hypotension syndrome
Difficulty breathing when lying flat. Vena cava is suppressed by the uterus when the women is lying on the back, turning to the Side can help
Linea Nigra
dark line from the umbilicus to mons pubis
Striae Gravidarium-
stretch marks
Chloasma
increased pigmentation of the face, breasts, and abdomen
Recommended pregnancy weight gain
Average weight before pregnancy- 25-35 pounds, underweight- 28-40 pounds, overweight- 15-25 pounds during pregnancy
Hyperemesis Gravidarium
excessive nausea and vomiting that can significantly interfere with the mothers food intake and fluid balance.
Ectopic pregnancy
occurs when the fertilized ovum (zygote) is implanted outside the uterine cavity
Hydatiform Mole (molar pregnancy)
Abnormal development of the trophoblast, a placenta develops, but no fetus
Placenta previa
occurs when the placenta develops in the lower part of the uterus rather than the upper
Abruption Placentae
premature separation of the placenta