Three ways to detect breast cancer early
Monthly self breast exams
Annual professional breast examination
mammography as appropriate
Normal age to begin mammograms
40 yrs and up recommended every 1-2 hrs
Pap test
screen for changes in the vaginal and cervical tissues that may be cancerous
Amenorrhea*
Absence of peroids/ related to eating disorder
Menorrhagia*
excessive menstruation amount avg 35 ml
Metrorrhagia*
normal amount of menstruation
MettieIschmerz*
middle pain (period cramps), may feel around ovulation
Dysmenorrhea*
Painful menstruation or cramps. (take ibuprofen, heat, hormonal contraceptive)
Endometriosis*
Presence of tissue that resembles endometrium outside of uterus.
TX: Hysterectomy removes all of the lesions
Cause of PMS/PMDD
is associated with abnormal serotonin response to normal changes in the estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle.
Vaginal PH, and how to maintain
Normal PH-3.5-4.5, Cotton underwear
-Proper wiping
-Frequent handwashing
-Strengthening the immune system (proper nutrition, exercise)
-Probiotics
Causative organisms in TSS
caused by strains of STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, high-absorbency tampons and the use of a diaphragm or cervical cap for contraception.
Symptoms of TSS*
�Sudden spiking fever
�Flulike symptoms
�Hypotension
�Generalized rash that resembles sunburn
�Skin peeling from the palms and soles 1 to 2 weeks after the illness
Symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease*
Lumpy breast, dimple , discharge, move freely, tender around menstraul
Symptoms of breast cancer
change in the shape or appearance of your breasts, skin or nipple changes such as dimpling of the skin, Squeeze each nipple gently to identify any discharge.
Symptoms of menopause
lengthening of menstrual cycles, thinning hair, pelvic support structure relaxation, loss of skin turgor, hot flashes, depression, insomnia
Fibroids
Benign tumors of endometrial cells
Symptoms of fibroids
menorrhagia, increase pelvic pressure, abdominal enlargement, pale color
Most preventable cancer of the reproductive system*
Cervical
Most lethal cancer of the reproductive system
Ovarian
Causes of pelvic floor disorders
Pelvic floor dysfunction occurs when the muscles, ligaments, and fascia that support the pelvic organs are damaged or weakened. The dysfunction may occur as a result of childbirth injury but often does not become obvious until the perimenopausal period.
Prevention of pelvic floor disorders*
Kegel exercises
Pessary care
Provides artificial support for uterus until surgery. Small molded plastic or rubber apparatus fits in vagina behind pubic bone in front of rectum
Cystocele
cystocele occurs when the anterior vaginal wall becomes too weak to support the bladder that contains urine. Stress incontinence may result and cause the woman to lose urine when there is a sudden increase in intraabdominal pressure, such as with laughing
Rectocele
rectocele occurs when the posterior vaginal wall becomes weakened. When the woman strains to defecate, feces are pushed against the weakened wall rather than being directed toward the rectal sphincter for elimination
Bacterial vaginitis
An over growth of bacteria. S/S gray discharge with a fishy odor, normally treated with flagyl
Risk factors for bacterial vaginitis
Diabetes, frequent douching, antibiotics, pregnancy, obesity, thus can change the PH balance
Candidiasis
Over production of fungus
Symptoms of candidiasis
Burning, cottage cheese discharge, & itching
Cause of PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)
IUD, chlamydia, gonorrhea, child birth, abortions, inflammation causes the scaring of the Fallopian tubes, can be partial or total
How does the birth control pill works (3 ways)
...
Three components of natural family planning/fertility awareness
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Adverse effects of hormonal birth control
Headaches, nausea, weight gain, breast tenderness, amenorrhea, spotting
2 examples non-hormonal birth control
Condoms & diaphragm
Common side effect of emergency contraception (plan B)
Increase risk for cardiovascular issues
2 types of IUD
Levonorgestrel (should be replaced every 5 years). LNG-IUD (effective for about 10 years and can help with menorrhagia)
Client teaching after IUD insertion
Does not protect against STIs. Once removed fertility returns rapidly
The only 100% effective method of contraception
Abstinence
3 bacterial STIs
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, & syphilis
3 stages of syphilis
Primary, secondary, tertiary
Treatment of syphilis
Penicillin
3 criteria for diagnosing AIDs
Serology test, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), positive western blot test
Vaccine for human Papilloma virus (HPV)
Gardasil, cervarix
Medication for Herpes
Valtrex, famvir, Zovirax
Medication for chlamydia
Doxycycline, erythromycin, Azithromcy, newborns receive prophylactic eye care
Medication for gonorrhoeae
Vibramycin, Zithromax rocephin, doryx
5 modes of transmission for STIs
Breast milk, semen, blood, vaginal fluids, skin to skin contact
Steps to correct condom use
Always use a new condom, check expiration date, apply before sexual contact, squeeze from tip of condom when applying condom, leave about 1/2inch to prevent breakage and leave room for sperm deposit
Client teaching for DepoProvera
Normally given every 3 months if skipped or postponed backup contraceptions should be used, if stopped fertility returns in about 1 year, injected sub-Q within 5 days menstrual period. S/E Dyspnea, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, throat
Ingredients of combined birth control pills
Estrogen & progesterone