Achievement culture
a culture that places a high value on the achievement of material success and a focus on the task at hand.
Co-culture
A group within an encompassing culture with a perceived identity.
Collectivistic culture
A culture whose members feel loyalties and obligations to an in-group, such as an extended family, a community, and even a work organization.
Culture
According to Samovar, Porter, and McDaniel, "the language, values, beliefs, traditions, and customs people share and learn.
Ethnocentrism
An attitude that one's own culture is superior to that of others.
High-context culture
A culture that relies heavily on verbal and nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony.
Individualistic culture
A culture in which people view their primary responsibility as helping themselves.
In-group
A group with which an individual identifies himself or herself.
Intercultural communication
Communication that occurs when members of two or more cultures or other groups exchange messages in a manner that is influenced by their different cultural perceptions and symbol systems.
Low-context culture
A culture that uses language primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as clearly and logically as possible.
Nurturing culture
regards the support of relationships as an especially important goal.
Out-group
A group that an individual sees as different from herself or himself.
Power distance
The degree to which members of a society accept the unequal distribution of power among members.
Prejudice
An unfairly biased and intolerant attitude toward others who belong in an outgroup.
Salience
The significance attached to a particular person or phenomenon.
Social identity
The part of the self-concept that is based on membership in groups.
Uncertainty avoidance
The tendency of a culture's members to feel threatened by ambiguous situations, and how much they try to avoid them.