the methanogens, producers of methane gas, require environments thata. have sunlightb. are very acidicc. have abundant oxygen and CO2 d. are extremely colde. are anaerobic with hydrogen gas and CO2
E
Transverse binary fission results in 4 daughter cells from 1 parent cell. a. true b. false
B
Mediated transport of polar molecules and ions across the plasma membrane utilizes a _____ _____ that will bind to the substance effecting a conformational change that allows movement across the membrane.a. protein carrierb. lipid carrierc. porin carrierd. enzyme carriere. all of the choices are correct
A
an important mineral ion of the cytochrome pigments of cellular respiration isa. ironb. zincc. calciumd. magnesiume. potassium
A
facilitated diffusion is limited bya. substrate concentrationb. carrier proteins in the membranec. size of the pores in the membraned. osmotic pressuree. the size of the cell
B
The time that it takes for a freshly inoculated agar culture to develop visible colonies is principally governed by that species' generation time.a. trueb. false
A
When microbes live independently but cooperate and share nutrients, it is calleda. symbiosis b. satellitism c. antibiosisd. mutualisme. synergism
E
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is calleda. facilitated diffusionb. diffusionc. active transportd. osmosise. endocytosis
B
Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use in cell structure and metabolisma. element b. macronutrientc. waterd. growth factore. trace element
B
Anaerobes can be cultured in a CO2 environment.a. trueb. false
A
Lithoautotrophs use inorganic nutrients for carbon and energy sources.a. trueb. false
A
The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which the rate of multiplication equals the rate of cell death is thea. lag phaseb. log phasec. stationary phased. death phasee. telophase
C
Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the incubator shelf, in an anaerobic jar and in a candle jar. After incubation there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the incubator shelf. This species is a/ana. aerobeb. anaerobec. facultative anaerobed. microaerophilee. capnophile
C
The term chemotroph refers to an organism thata. uses CO2 for its carbon sourceb. must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needsc. gets energy from sunlightd. gets energy by oxidizing chemical compoundse. does not need a carbon source
D
saprobes do not need a carbon source for growth and metabolism a. trueb. false
B
the majority of microbes live and grow in habitats between pH 7 and 9a. trueb. false
B
An important mineral ion that is a component of chloroplasts and stabilizer of membranes and ribosomes isa. ironb. zincc. calciumd. magnesiume. potassium
D
The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing is thea. lag phaseb. log phasec. stationary phased. death phasee. prophase
A
a microaerophilea. grows best in an anaerobic jarb. grows with or without oxygenc. needs normal atmospheric levels of oxygend. requires a small amount of oxygen but wont grow at normal atmospheric levelse. none of the choices are correct
D
In _____ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting.a. hypertonicb. hypotonicc. isotonicd. mesotonic e. all of the choices are correct
B
Calcium is required for bacteria becausea. it stabilizes the cell wallb. it stabilized the ribosomesc. it stabilizes the nucleoidd. it maintains cellular pHe. it makes strong bones
A
The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is calleda. facilitated diffusionb. diffusionc. active transportd. osmosis e. endocytosis
A
Bacterial biofilms stimulate the immune system differently than planktonic bacteria.a. trueb. false
A
When microbes in close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not harmed, it is calleda. symbiosis b. satellitismc. commensalismd. mutualism e. synergism
C
most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is froma. inorganic compoundsb. mineralsc. waterd. organic compoundse. salts
D
Nutrient absorption is mediated by thea. cell wallb. peptidoglycan layerc. proteins in the perisplasmic spaced. cell membranee. nuclear membrane
D
An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a/ana. elementb. macronutrientc. waterd. growth factore. trace element
D
After binary fission, daughter cells will differ genetically.a. trueb. false
B
In a commensal relationship, the commensal benefits but the cohabitant is neither harmed nor benefited.a. trueb. false
A
A saprobe with a cell wall will utilize extracellular digestion.a. trueb. false
A
What compound has the highest concentration in a cell?a. CO2b. CH4c. H2Od. glucosee. NH3
C
The term phototroph refers to an organism thata. uses of CO2 for its carbon sourceb. must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needsc. gets energy from sunlightd. gets energy by oxidizing chemical compoundse. does not need a carbon source
C
When it is important to count the number of cells, determine cell size and differentiate between dead and live cells a ___ is used.a. coulter counterb. flow cytometerc. SEMd. methylene dye indicatore. plate count
B
Most microorganisms on earth can only live and survive in habitats that are similar to human body conditions.a. trueb. false
B
obligate saprobes can adapt to a living host.a. trueb. false
B
The E. coli that normally live in the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that the body uses would be best termed a _____ relationship.a. parasiticb. saprobic c. commensald. mutualistic e. none of the choices are correct
D
Aerobic respiration is an example ofa. photosynthesis b. methanotrophyc. photoheterotrphy d. chemoheterotrophye. photo autotrophy
D
Facilitated diffusion and active transport require a carrier protein to mediate the movement across the plasma membrane.a. trueb. false
A
A microorganism that does not have catalase or superoxide dismutase would find it difficult to live in an environment witha. carbon dioxideb. oxygenc. high saltd. temperatures above 37Ce. high acidity
B
Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are calleda. saprobesb. parasitesc. autotrophsd. lithoautotrophse. phototrophs
A
An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is a(n)a. aerobeb. obligate aerobec. facultative anaerobed. microaerophilee. obligate anaerobe
E
What type of media is used to demonstrate oxygen requirements of microbes?a. blood agarb. thiogycollatec. sulfite polymyxin sulfadiazine d. sodium chloridee. nonw
B
Planktonic bacteria are more susceptible to antibiotics as compared to biofilm microorganisms.a. trueb. false
A
When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this endocytosis is specifically termeda. pinocytosisb. phagosytosis c. facilitated transportd. faciliated diffusione. exocytosis
B
In the viable plate count method, a measured sample of a culture is evenly spread across an agar surface and incubated. Each _____ represents one _____ from the sample.a. cell, cellb. cell, colonyc. colony, celld. species, colonye. generation, cell
C
a closed culture system is used to determine a population growth curve. a. trueb. false
A
A change in one partner in a close relationship that leads to a change in the other partner isa. symbiosisb. coevolutionc. antibiosisd. mutualisme. synergism
B
contractile vacuoles are...a. used to expel excess water from cellsb. found in bacterial cellsc. important to certain organisms in hypertonic environmentsd. protein carriers in cell membranese. used to bring solutes into a cell
A
An organism with a temperature growth range of 45° C to 60° C would be called a(n)a. extremophileb. thermophilec. psychrophiled. facultative psychrophilee. thermoduric
B
Phosphorus is one of the major elements needed in larger quantities by microorganisms.a. trueb. false
A
An organism that can use gaseous oxygen in metabolism and has the enzymes to process toxic oxygen products is a(n)a. aerobeb. obligate aerobec. facultative anaerobed. microaerophilee. obligate anaerobe
A
Whether an organism is an autotroph or heterotroph depends on its source of nitrogen.a. trueb. false
B
The term autotroph refers to an organism that:a. uses CO2 for its carbon sourceb. must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needsc. gets energy from sunlightd. gets energy by oxidizing chemical compoundse. does not need a carbon source
A
The direct cell count, using a cytometer, can calculate viable cell numbers from a sample.a. trueb. false
B
The term facultative refers toa. the ability to exist in a wide range of conditionsb. existing in a very narrow nichec. using chemicals for energy productiond. using light for energy productione. using oxygen for metabolism
A
Human pathogens fall into the groupa. psychrophilesb. thermophilesc. halophilesd. mesophilese. acidophiles
D
The term heterotroph refers to an organism thata. Uses CO2 for its carbon sourceb. Must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needsc. Gets energy from sunlightd. Gets energy by oxidizing chemical compoundse. Does not need a carbon source
B
Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are moved to salty seawater woulda. be in a hypotonic solutionb. gain waterc. be in an isotonic solutiond. shrivele. none
D
The degree of turbidity in a broth culture correlates to the amount of cell growth.a. trueb. false
A
Archea as a group are not pathogens. This is becausea. They evolved without mammalsb. Mammals evolved special defenses against themc. Mammalian hosts do not meet their environmental requirementsd. They are out competed by natural florae. None of the choices are correct
C
All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues suitable for growth excepta. psychrophilesb. anaerobesc. facultative anaerobes d. mesophilese. capnophiles
A
Inorganic nitrogen must be converted to ammonia to be used by a cell.a. trueb. false
A
Which of the following microorganisms would find hypotonic conditions most detrimental?a. bacteriab. protozoac. fungid. algaee. cyanobacteria
B
The toxic superoxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two enzymes,a. Catalase and hydrogen peroxidasesb. Superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxidasec. Superoxide dismutase and catalased. Catalase and oxidasee. Superoxide dismutase and oxidase
C
Microorganisms that live in severe habitats, such as very hot, acidic or salty environments, are calleda. thermophilesb. halophilesc. psychrophilesd. extremophilese. barophiles
D
Which of the following require the cell to use ATP?a. facilitated diffusionsb. diffusionc. endocytosisd. osmosise. none
C
An organism that cannot grow without oxygen is a(n)a. aerobeb. obligate aerobec. facultative anaerobed. microaerophilee. obligate anaerobe
B
The type of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygena. Occurs in cyanobacteriab. Does not require CO2 as a reactantc. Occurs in purple and green sulfur bacteriad. Does not require sunlighte. Occurs in algae and plants
C
Which of the following is not a major element of a microbial cell?a. copperb. carbonc. hydrogend. nitrogene. oxygen
A
Growth factorsa. Are inorganicb. Are synthesized by organismc. Contain elemental oxygend. Cannot be synthesized by the organisme. All of the choices are correct
D
The phase of the bacterial growth curve that shows the maximum rate of cell division is thea. lag phaseb. log phasec. stationary phased. death phasee. prophase
B
Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab bench top, on the shelf of a 37° C incubator and on the shelf of a 50° C incubator. After incubation, there was no growth at 37° C and 50° C, slight growth out on the bench top and abundant growth at refrigeration. What term could be used for this species?a. halophileb. mesophilec. anaerobed. psychrophilee. capnophile
D
A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37° C, but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n)a. extremophileb. thermophilec. psychrophiled. facultative psychrophilee. thermoduric
E
A Coulter counter can count viable cells as well as determine the size.a. trueb. false
B
The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and engulfing it is calleda. facultative diffusionb. diffusionc. active transportd. osmosise. endocytosis
E
An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs and sunlight for its energy needs would be called a/ana. heterotrophb. photoautotroph c. chemoheterotrophd. saprobee. halotroph
B
A barophile would grow best ina. acid poolsb. deep oceansc. hot geyser springsd. arid, desert soile. salt lakes
B
Whether an organism is a phototroph or a chemotroph depends on its source of energy.a. trueb. false
A
Diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is calleda. facilitated diffusionb. diffusionc. active transportd. osmosis e. endocytosis
D
The movement of substances from lower to higher concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is calleda. facilitated diffusionb. diffusionc. active transportd. osmosis e. endocytosis
C
An organism that grows slowly in the cold but has an optimum growth temperature of 32° C is called a(n)a. extremophileb. thermophilec. psychrophiled. facultative psychrophilee. thermoduric
D
Microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for enzyme function and maintenance of protein structurea. elementb. macronutrientc. waterd. growth factorse. trace element
E
Halobacteria regulate osmotic pressure bya. Releasing salt to the environmentb. Absorbing salt from the environmentc. Excluding salt from the environmentd. Changing their cell wall to provide additional osmotic protectione. None of the choices are correct
B
Organisms called _____ live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm.a. mesophiles b. thermophilesc. commensalsd. pathogense. halophiles
D
A halophile would grow best ina. acid poolsb. fresh water pondsc. hot geyser springsd. arid, desert soile. salt lakes
E
The term obligate refers toa. The ability to exist in a wide range of conditionsb. Existing in a very narrow nichec. Using chemicals for energy productiond. Using light for energy productione. Using oxygen for metabolism
B
Bacteria have an average generation time of 24 hours.a. trueb. false
B
An organism that can exist in both oxygen and oxygen-less environments is a(n)a. aerobeb. obligate aerobec. facultative anaerobed. microaerophilee. obligate anaerobe
C
The production of antibiotics is a form of antagonism calleda. symbiosisb. satellitism c. antibiosisd. mutualisme. synergism
C
The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells is called thea. binary fissionb. growth curvec. generation timed. death phasee. culture time
C
microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure:a. elementb. macronutrient c. waterd. growth factore. trace element
E
an organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a/an: a. elementb. macronutrientc. waterd. growth factor e. element
D
the movement of substances from lower to higher concentration across a semipermeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and use energy is called:a. facilitated diffusionb. diffusionc. active transportd. osmosise. endocytosis
C
the movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called:a. facilitated diffusionb. diffusionc. active transportd. osmosise. endocytosis
A
if a cell is in a concentrated glucose solution and the glucose into the cell through a carrier protein, this would be an example of a. diffusionb. facilitated diffusionc. active transportd. endocytosise. pinocytosis
B