Groups of cells performing related tasks are known as ________.
tissues
Which is the best example of integration in physiology?
The interaction of nervous and endocrine signals to regulate blood flow to the small intestines
Which of the following is the best example of a mechanistic understanding of a function?
Skeletal muscle cells contract when myosin heads attach to actin filaments and rotate, producing force.
What is a good reason to consider using mapping to learn physiological concepts?
Creating a map requires thinking about and understanding the relationships between facts.
Select the most accurate definition of homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain relatively constant internal conditions despite variability in external conditions.
What is the primary mechanism allowing a molecule like an enzyme to perform a particular function?
Its specific structure
What is the main difference between the concepts of "steady-state" and "equilibrium?
A steady-state system is dynamic, whereas a system in equilibrium is not.
Which of the following would best describe the concept of negative feedback as it relates to homeostasis?
A negative feedback response demonstrates a fluctuation around a setpoint.
Which component of a control system initiates an appropriate response to a stimulus?
Integrating center
**What does it mean if an article has been peer reviewed?
The work has been read by an anonymous panel of scientists qualified to judge the science.
**What is a review article and why might it be beneficial for a novice in a subject matter to read?
It contains a synopsis of recent research on a particular topic; because it gives a general summary of several technical papers, making it easier for a novice to understand.
**Which of the following search combinations would render in the most accurate results if you wanted to know if there was a link between the consumption of high fructose corn syrup and the incidence of type II diabetes?
high fructose corn syrup AND the incidence of type II diabetes
**Which of the following websites would be best if you wanted to learn about the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy on reducing the symptoms associated with menopause?
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus
Processes that cannot be predicted simply from understanding the functions of the individual components of the system are known as ________ properties
emergent
You have collected these data from 50 of your fellow students, some of whom are sophomores and others juniors: the number of process maps/flow charts each student created while studying for the physiology exam, and the score each student earned on the exa
The number of maps/charts (An independent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.)
Physiology is the study of
the normal functions of the organ systems.
The literal meaning of the term physiology is knowledge of
nature.
Because anatomy and physiology have different definitions, they are usually considered separately in studies of the body.
False
The following is a list of several levels of organization that make up the human body.
1. tissue
2. cell
3. organ
4. molecule
5. organism
6. organ system
The correct order from the smallest to the largest is
4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5. molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Glucose is transported from blood into cells because cells require glucose to meet their energy needs." This type of explanation is
teleological.
Glucose is transported from blood into cells by transporters in response to insulin." This type of explanation is
mechanistic.
Which of the following is one of Cannon's "internal secretions"?
hormones
The study of body function in a disease state is
pathophysiology.
Homeostasis is the ability of the body to
quickly restore changed conditions to normal.
How genetics influences the body's response to drugs is called
pharmacogenomics.
A physician basing clinical decisions on primary research published in biomedical literature is doing ________ medicine.
evidence-based
A study in which a participant acts as an experimental subject in part of the experiment and a control in another part of the experiment is called what?
crossover study
The Internet database for molecular, cellular, and physiological information is called the ________ Project.
Physiome
A placebo is
a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect.
A technique used to resolve contradictory results in scientific studies is
meta-analysis.
A scientifically logical guess is a
hypothesis.
If a scientific opinion has been verified repeatedly, it becomes a
law
Place these terms in the typical sequence in which they appear in the scientific process: experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication.
observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, theory
You are interested in learning more about Parkinson's disease, a neurological disorder that primarily affects motor function. What is the best source to begin your investigation?
PubMed
cell
the smallest living unit
tissue
a collection of similar cells that carry out similar functions
organs
a collection of different tissues that carry out related functions
organ systems
groups of organs functioning in a coordinated manner
Adaptive significance is an important concept in physiology because it describes
the physiological functions that promote an organism's survival.
You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which of the following is/are considered an independent variable?
intensity of exercise
You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which of the following is/are considered a dependent variable?
heart rate
You want to display data on the finish times of the 10 fastest race horses in a single race at the Kentucky Derby.
What type of graph would be best to display this information?
bar graph
A horse runs 10 races, each a mile long, during a 6-month period, and you are interested in determining if the horse's race time changes with experience. You set up a graph to display the race finish times of this horse.
What type of graph would be best t
line graph
There are 10 cloned horses, born on the same day, with identical chromosomes. They are each subjected to the same physical training regimen, but given daily injections of different concentrations of a particular vitamin. They all run the same race. You se
scatter plot
Which of the following is a buffer zone between the outside world and most of the cells of the body?
extracellular fluid
Oxytocin is a hormone that is released in response to cervical dilation. It in turn causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. What type of feedback loop does oxytocin trigger?
positive feedback
Heating an area of the skin can cause sweat glands in that area to begin producing and releasing sweat. This is an example of what type of control system.
Local control system
Which word means, "the adaptation of biological systems to a given set of natural environmental conditions?
Acclimatization
What is another term for feed-forward control?
Anticipation
Negative feedback
stabilizes variable
positive feedback
reinforces stimulus