Acid-ionization constant (Ka)
(Ka) the equilibrium constant for the ionization of a weak acid
Degree of ionization
the fraction of molecules that react with water to give ions
Base-ionization constant (Kb)
(Kb) the equilibrium constant for the ionization of a weak base
Hydrolysis
the reaction of an ion with water to produce the conjugate acid and hydroxide ion or the conjugate base and hydrogen ion
Common-ion effect
the shift in an ionic equilibrium caused by the addition of a solute that provides an ion that takes part in the equilibrium
Buffer
a solution characterized by the ability to resist changes in pH when limited amounts of acid or base are added to it
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
an equation relating the pH of a buffer for different concentrations of conjugate acid and base: pH=pKa + log[base]/[acid]
Acid-base titration curve
a plot of the pH of a solution of acid (or base) against the volume of added base (or acid)
Equivalence point
the point in a titration when a stoichiometric amount of reactant has been added