Compare the major causes of death today with the past
past- infectious disease; today- lifestyle disease
What is a risk factor?
any behavior that increases chance of injury, disease, or other health problems
What is a uncontrollable risk factor?
risk that cannot be changed; ex. age, heredity (predisposition), environmental, ethnicity, gender
What is a controllable risk factor?
a risk you can do something about; etc. sleep, exercise, nutrition
What are the six health risk behaviors?
Tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle, sexual activity, poor eating habits, alcohol and other drug use, and other behaviors that can cause injury.
What are the six components of total health?
physical health: eating right, exercising
social health: quality of relationships
spiritual health: understanding of purpose in life
emotional health: expressing emotions in a positive way
mental health: ability to recognize and cope with the demands of l
What is wellness?
the achievement for a person's best in all 6 health components
What is a wellness wheel and what does it visually communicate?
a wheel with all the components of health; each piece can be changed in size to represent how healthy a person is in each area. It visually communicates that no one is completely healthy or unhealthy.
What is a wellness continuum? Where do most people fall on the continuum?
represents the idea that a person is neither completely healthy or completely unhealthy. Most people fall in the middle on the continuum.
What is personal responsibility?
admitting to your mistakes and accepting the consequences
What are life skills? What are the life skills?
behaviors for a healthy life. decision making, goal settings, communication, etc.
What are the steps to making GREAT decisions
G- give thought to the problem; R- review choices; E- evaluate consequences; A- assess and choose best option; T- think it over after
What are consequences?
effects of actions; cause and effect
What things greatly improve your ability to make a good decision?
having time to think, having someone to talk to, knowing your options and their consequences
Why do people, in the same situation, make such different decisions?
It depends on values, opinions, time, no one to talk to, etc.
There are things that you can do to improve your ability to make a better decision but what is decision making based on? How do your values form?
Decision making is based on values. Values come from our families then we modify them based on life experiences
When yo make a mistake, you are supposed to STOP, THINK, AND GO (make it right). Why is it important to ADMIT you made a poor decision?
It is important to admit to your mistakes because you will feel better about yourself and know that you tried to do the right thing according to your values.
How do you make it right, when you made a mistake?
Stop: admit you made a mistake
Think: talk to a trusted adult or friend that can help you decide how to fix a situation
Go: do your best to correct the situation
What is direct peer pressure? What is indirect peer pressure?
direct: pressure from someone trying to convince you to do something you don't want to do
indirect: pressure to do something because you look up to or admire a person who is doing that
What are refusal skills and why are they important? What are some ways to say no?
a strategy to avoid doing something you don't want to do- so you don't overload yourself with stress or get in trouble. Ways to say no include blaming someone else, repeating no over and over again, make an excuse, change the subject, and suggesting somet
Why is it important that when you say "no" your body language matches your words?
Body language tells the person more about what you actually feel than what your words mean.
When setting goals, what specific things can you do to make it easier to attain them? (smart goals)
Specific: Does your goal clearly and specifically state what you are trying to achieve?
Measurable: How will you (and others) know if progress is being made on achieving you goal? Can you quantify your outcome?
Attainable: Is achieving your goal dependent
How is self-esteem different from self-concept?
self-esteem: measure of how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself
self-concept: a measure of how one views oneself
What are some ways to improve self-esteem?
Using positive self talk, acting with integrity, choosing supportive friends, and accepting yourself can improve self-esteem.
What are some risks for having low self-esteem?
Feelings of insecurity, undervalued, depression, disrespecting yourself and others, vulnerability to peer pressure, fear of failure, use of drugs and alcohol, behaving destructively, and feeling pessimistic are all risks of low self-esteem.
What are some benefits from having high self-esteem?
Increased respect, ability to reach goals, willingness to try, and feelings of value are all benefits of having high self-esteem.
What is self-talk and how does it impact self-esteem?
self talk is a way of coaching yourself about your own self-worth. It helps you to believe you are a valuable person which can give you more confidence.
Why is communication such an important life skill?
Communication is an important lifeskill because it prevents misunderstandings, builds healthy relationships, and allows you to express yourself.
List and describe the three communication styles. Which is most effective?
Passive: does not offer opposition when challenged or pressured
Aggressive: hostile and unfriendly
Assertive: expressing oneself in a direct, respectful way; the best communication style
How does tone impact communication?
tone conveys the attitude you are trying to express
What is nonverbal communication and how does it impact communication? Can your words give a completely different message than your body language and non-verbals? How does this impact communication?
Nonverbal communication is body language. It reveals how you feel through facial expressions, gestures, and posture. Words can give a different meaning than your body language. Misunderstandings occur when our words say one thing but our body language say
How is an "I" message different from a "You" message? Which improves communication and why?
An I message is saying how you feel while remaining firm, calm, and polite. You messages sound like you are blaming someone else and often turn into hostilities.
Listening is an important part of good communication skills. What is active listening and why is it important?
Active listening is letting the speaker know you are listening and clarifying anything confusing. It is important because you want to let the speaker know that they are being heard.
Explain why it is not healthy to put labels on feelings like "good" or "bad
No emotion is good or bad, however, an emotion can have positive or negative effects. You cannot feel bad. In fact, bottling up emotions because they are "bad" is very unhealthy.
What are the dangers of not learning to express your emotions in a healthy way?
Emotions that are not expressed in a healthy way can become overwhelming and one small little thing can set a person off like a bomb.
What is reframing?
**********
Why is learning to delay gratification important?
*********
What are the six classes of nutrients?
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Which three nutrients supply energy?
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
What are the two groups of carbohydrates? Compare and contrast them.
Simple: single or double sugar molecules
Complex: more than 2 sugar molecules
How are carbohydrates stored in the body (3 ways)?
in your blood as glucose, in your muscles as glycogen, and as fat
How is insoluble fiber different from soluble fiber?
Insoluble: does not dissolve in water; adds bulk to your body's waste
Soluble: dissolves in water; holds water in your intestines, which increases the volume of material in the digestive tract
What are the four different types of fats? Describe each and list the sources.
Monounsaturated: one fatty acids that have only one set of double bonded carbons; found in oils and avocados
Polyunsaturated: fatty acids with more than one double bond; found in oils, nuts and seeds, and fatty fish
Saturated: a chain of carbon atoms sing
Which type of fats are the most and least healthy for us?
The healthier fats are the unsaturated fats while the least healthy is trans fat (and saturated)
What is cholesterol? Where is it found? Where is it made in the body and how is it transported through your blood stream?
Another type of lipid found in all human and animal tissues. It is made in the liver and found in foods like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. It is transported through the bloodstream by lipoproteins.
What are lipoproteins? How are HDL, LDL, and VLD different? How can they affect your risk of cardiovascular disease?
Lipoproteins carry cholesterol through the bloodstream.
High density lipoprotein (HDL): heavier, goes through blood easily
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and Very Low density(VLDL): very light, clogs arteries
Having too much LDL and VLDL clogs the arteries
What is the danger of having a higher amount of VLDL or LDL than HDL in the bloodstream?
When LDL levels get too high, they form clots as plaque which can block blood flow to the heart (aka heart attack from lack of oxygen).
What are the building blocks of proteins? Which foods are high in protein?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, found in animal products and some plants
Can you get enough protein from vegetable products? Why is it healthy to meet some of your protein needs with vegetable products?
You cannot get enough protein from vegetable products, however, it is healthier to meet some of your protein needs with plants because they do not contain any cholesterol.
Complete protein vs Incomplete protein
Complete: Animal products like meat, dairy, and eggs that contain all the essential amino acids
Incomplete: Plant proteins like legumes, grains, and vegetables that have smaller amounts of the essential amino acids
What are the fat soluble and what are the water soluble vitamins? How is that important?
Fat soluble: A, D, E, K
Water soluble: all B, C
Fat soluble vitamins can be stored while water soluble vitamins are needed to release the energy in carbs, proteins, and fats.
Describe the function of each vitamin and the best sources of each.
A: in rainbow fruits and vegetables; keeps eyes and skin healthy, needed for growth and for strong bones and teeth
D: in liver, egg yolk, salmon, tuna, butter; promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus in intestine, needed for strong bones and teeth
E
Which vitamins are antioxidants? What is the health benefit of having antioxidants in your diet?
Vitamins E and C are antioxidants. Antioxidants kill free radicals, cancer causing cells
What is the nutritional significance of the following minerals and do we typically have too much or too little of them in the diet?
Iron: necessary for the production of hemoglobin; usually too little in diet
Calcium: needed for development and maintenance of the bones, teeth, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and blood clotting; usually too little in diet
Sodium: ne
How much water do we need each day?
8 glasses a day
What is a food guide? How does the MyPyramid indicate how to eat in a healthy, balanced way?
A food guide is a plan given to the public from the government to help indicate how much of each type of food you should be getting. The MyPyramid tells you how to vary your diet by displaying triangular sections for each based on relative size in your di
What is a food label? What types of information is on a food label?
A food label provides nutritional information about foods. Serving size, calories, daily value, total fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals, sugars, ingredients, and flavor enhancers.
What determines the order of ingredients listed?
in order of weight/largest amounts
How can you make sure that you get all the nutrients that you need in the right amounts?
Nutrition scientists and public health agencies have created RDAs, Recommended Dietary Allowances, which recommend the amount of nutrients a healthy person needs.
What is metabolism? What can you do to have a healthy metabolism?
the sum of the chemical processes that take place int he body*********
What is the effect of eating breakfast on metabolism?
Your metabolism slows down at night when you sleep because there is no food intake. Breakfast gets energy in your body which kickstarts your metabolism for the day.
How can you spot a "fad diet"?
You can spot a fad diet if it requires you to exclude a food group, is a temporary thing, does not teach you how to eat healthier, or claims quick results.
What are the problems and dangers associated with fad diets?
*******
What is the only effective way to maintain a healthy weight, long term?
Get the proper amount of nutrients and exercise.
Why do people resort to fad diets and unhealthy eating behaviors to lose weight?
People resort to fad diets and unhealthy eating behaviors to lose weight for quick results and "perfect bodies
What things affect body image?
Society, media, and eating disorders affect body image.
What can you do to have a healthy body image?
You must pay attention to, appreciate, and care for your body. You must also have realistic expectations about your size based on your heredity.
What are the harmful ingredients in tobacco smoke? How does each affect your body?
Nicotine (addictive drug), 4,000 chemicals including tar (coats airways), cyanide (poisonous gas), formaldehyde (preserves laboratory animals, embalming fluid), lead (dangerous metal), vinyl chloride (gas in plastics), carbon monoxide (prevents oxygen fro
What is a carcinogen?
chemicals that cause cancer
What are the smoking related diseases? Describe each.
addiction, emphysema- respiratory disease in which air cannot move in and out of the lungs, bronchitis- inflammation of the bronchioles (tubes that help deliver oxygen to the bloodstream)
Compare the different types of smoke
side stream: smoke that escapes the tip of the cigarette
mainstream: smoke inhaled by smoker
second hand: combination of exhaled mainstream smoke and side stream smoke inhaled by anyone near the smoker
How has the tobacco industry responded to a decline in smoking in the US?
The tobacco industry has not relented in selling their products. They sponsor events, create new ways to use tobacco (and new flavors), and target underdeveloped countries.
What factors have led to this decline?
The truth about tobacco has been discovered- its dangers and effects on the body. The US government then put many restrictions on tobacco advertisement.
How has the tobacco industry tried to generate interest in tobacco products. How can you tell that this marketing is targeted at a younger audience?
The tobacco industry creates new products that a younger audience would see interesting and inviting. They also create tobacco bars and lounges. Globally, tobacco is marketed to a younger audience because the ads show young people with tobacco and sponsor
Why do tobacco companies need to target younger individuals?
Tobacco companies need to target younger individuals to get them addicted and make more money (because they spend more of their life using the product)
What are the reasons that teens use alcohol?
1. peer pressure
2. media
3. escape
4. boredom
5. rebellion
6. instant gratification
7. lack of confidence
8. misinformation
Why are the brains of teenagers susceptible to damage from alcohol and other drugs?
The brain is still developing as a teenager and is susceptible to more damage than an adult brain
Describe how the use of alcohol could encourage an individual participate in activities and behave in ways that they would not normally.
Alcohol causes the brain to alter judgment on activities. The person using alcohol would lose ability to make good decisions, pay attention, follow complex thoughts, or cope with difficult situations.
Be able to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy relationships.
healthy: ***
unhealthy: ***
Be able to identify the parts of the male and female reproductive systems and the function of each part.
see packet
Be able to identify the risks of engaging in sexual activity and benefits of abstinence.
risks: STDs (may or may not be treated depending on if you have symptoms/ get it checked out or is incurable), pregnancy, relationship issues, how people view you (creates worry and upset), bond that isn't broken once the relationship is over (pain; troub