Music 1010 Final

Claude Debussy

French impressionist composer, trained in paris conservatory, raised under the influence of german musicPrelude to the Afternoon of a Faun

Igor Stravinsky

Russian born but American/ French nationalizedThe Rite of Spring

Arnold Shoenburg

Austrian composer. Pioneer of atonality and twelve tone. Relocated to U.S. during the third Reich. Pierrot Lunaire.

Alban Berg

united wagnerian operatic tradition with Shoenberg's expressionism. Wozzeck act III scene 5

Bela Bartok

Hungarian composer and pianist. Major 20th century figure. Blended modernism with concert tradition from 19th century music. Music for percussion, strings, and celesta.

Aaron Copland

Dean" of American composers. Trained in Paris. Eclectic style became "american sound". Appalachian Spring.

John Cage

American composer. Invented the prepared piano. Sonata 2.

whole tone scale

six notes all a whole step apart

Gyorgy Ligetti

Work for large orchestra. Believed in music as a sculpture. Atmospheres.

John Adams

Minimalist fanfare for orchestra. Used not usual instruments, like pedal drums and synthesizers. Short ride in a fast machine

Opera

Wozzeck

Ballet

Rite of Spring, Appalachian spring

Song cycle

Pierrot Lunaire

Impressionism

emphasis on the sensual aspect of music, used "exotic" scales, harmony is coloristic instead of functional

The Rite of Spring

depicted primitive fertility ritual, intense dissonances, primal rhythms. caused a riot at the premiere

Expressionism

modernist artistic movement, flourished in Germany, rejected naturalism (realism), art as an outlet for extremes, for emotion,

Wozzeck

Masterpiece of 20th century operatic music, based on fragmentary play from the 1830's, used atonality, sprechstimme, and musical dramatic continuity

Appalachian Spring

variation of the shaker hymn "Simple gifts", very popular American ballet choreographed by Martha Graham, scored for small ensemble.

Bartoks style

traditional forms and techniques (sonata form and fugues), rhythms and folk music scales, stravinskian modernism

Innovations of 20th century music

Expressionism, minimalism, impressionism

atonality

no clear tonal center

4'33

minimalistic piece. Literal silence. Very boring.

minimalism

important artistic movement in late 20th century, reduction of elements, simplification of procedures, steady pulse, repetitive melodies.

ocatonic scale

whole steps and half steps alternate

pentatonic scale

five notes, major minus degrees 4 and 7

serialism (twelve tone system)

fixed ordering of pitches (or other musical elements)

prepared piano

invented by John cage. screws, pieces of plastic, etc. tied or put on strings of the piano to create new sounds.

second viennese school

certain composers that use expressionism: Shoenberg and Berg

Simple Gifts

shaker hymn

Sprechstimme

speech voice