The largest single cause of death in young children is

neglect

___ strain refers to real-life strains experienced by others when around a victimized individual.

vicarious

The two leading causes of child abuse are thought to be

violence between spouses and poverty.

The leading cause of teen suicide is

untreated depression

An act or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm or serious risk of harm to a child is referred to as:

maltreatment

Arrests have increased from 2005 to 2006 for the status offenses of:

liquor law and curfew violations

Of the crimes listed below, which is least likely to be committed by a juvenile?

murder

High school seniors self-reported being engaged most frequently in:

shoplifting

The "broken window theory" supports that

When property is vandalized "for fun", and if windows go unfixed, crime will increase.

Girls traditionally enter the juvenile system through their involvement with which type of offense?

status offense

What is the most common form of maltreatment?

neglect

What are some behavioral indicators of neglect?

begging
stealing food
extending school days by arriving early or leaving late.
constant fatigue
listlessness or falling asleep in school
alcohol or drug abuse
delinquency
stealing
reporting that no one is at home to care for them.

How do maltreatment cases enter the child welfare system? What agency?

Child Protective Services

What are the most common types of maltreatment?

neglect
medical neglect
physical abuse
sexual abuse
psychological maltreatment

Define intrafamilial sexual abuse.

Sexual abuse by a parent or other family member; compare with extrafamilial sexual abuse.

Compare the victimization rates of females to males.

Girls' victimization rate is typically higher than the rate for boys.

What is the purpose of the amber alert?

Amber Alerts are emergency messages broadcast when a law enforcement agency determines that a child has been abducted and is in imminent danger. The broadcasts include information that could assist in the child's recovery.

Define delinquency

Delinquency is the term used in juvenile justice to replace "criminality".

What is the purpose of the disproportionate minority contact?

A large and growing number of studies have found that minority youth, particularly Black youth are over-involved in crime, particularly violent crime, relative to their percentage of the population at large.

Know the difference between fire play and fire setting.

Fire play is the term used to describe the relatively normal curiosity and fascination young children have with fire that carries a low level of intent to inflict harm and an absence of malice.
Firesetting is associated with a higher level of intent and d

What are some indicators of youth gang activity?

graffiti
intimidation assaults
open sale of drugs
drive by shootings and murders.

Operation ceasefire was implemented in what city?

Boston

Define turf

A gangs territorial boundaries.

What are some things that the gang offers it's members?

gangs serve as a recreational outlet
gangs offer their members a feeling of belonging and importance.
a source of self-esteem and self-identity.
emotional and psychological support that they may not get from their own parents or families.
a way to express

What is the most effective way to deal with gang problems?

prevention
The Gang Resistance Education and Training program.

The Gang Resistance Education and Training program.

Developed by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, the Federal law Enforcement Training Center and the Phoenix Police Department.

Know what the book says about the Eurogang program.

A working group of American and European gang researchers, the assembly of which has come to be known as the Eurogang program, defines a street gang as "any durable, street-oriented youth group whose own identity includes involvement in illegal activity.

Define compressed gang.

primarily adolescent groups of 50 to 100 members and less than ten years duration are the most common, found in large and small cities.

What is the purpose of an instrumental gang?

formed for the express purpose of criminal activity, primarily drug trafficking.

What is the purpose of a cultural gang?

neighborhood centered and exist independently of criminal activity.

What is the most common role of women in gangs.

weapon carrier for the male gang members.
sex

Know the structure of the gang leadership.

Most gangs contain leaders, hard core members, regular members and fringe members or wannabes.

What are some reasons to place a child into protective custody?

maltreatment in the home that might cause the child permanent physical or emotional damage.
A parent's refusal to provide needed medical or psychiatric care for a child.
The child is physically or mentally incapable of self-protection.
The home's physical

The majority of police dispositions involve what type of offenses? (police discretion)

status offenses

When confronting juveniles, police usually do what?

Release the youth, with or without warning, but without making an official record or taking further action.

What are some examples of effective approaches to school security?

metal detectors and surveillance cameras.
the use of drug and weapons detector dogs.
School Resource Officer program.

Define different types of threats (direct, indirect etc)

direct: identifies a specific act against a specific target and is delivered in a straightforward manner, clearly and explicitly.
indirect: is vague and ambiguous
veiled: strongly implies but does not explicitly threaten violence.
conditional: warns that

What is the job of the first responder in a school shooting?

to pursue and engage the shooter

What rights are afforded to juveniles? (especially when taken into custody)

At no point in any criminal investigation may the rights of the juvenile be infringed upon.
A crime by a juvenile must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
Juveniles also have the right to remain silent, the right to counsel, the right to know the specifi

What is the time period for temporary custody without a hearing?

48 hours

What was the purpose of the youth firearms violence initiative?

Intervention directed at combating the rise of youth firearms violence.

youth gangs gain their power/respect in the community through what type of behavior?

violent behavior

How important is turf to gangs?

very important. they will protect at all costs from invasion

What racial group has the largest late onset gang activity.

Caucasian