avoidance behavior

behavior that occurs before the aversive stimulus is presented and thereby prevents its delivery

contrived reinforcers

reinforces that have been deliberately arranged to modify a behavior; they are not a typical consequence of the behavior in that setting

Descriminative stimulus

a stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement

Descriminative stimulus for extinction

a stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcment

discriminative stimulus for punishment

a stimulus that signals that a response will be punished

escape behavior

a behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus

extrinsic reinforcement

the reinforcement provided by a consequence that is external to the behavior

generalized reinforcer

a type of secondary reinforcer that has been associated with several other reinforcers

intrinsic reinforcement

reinforcement provided by the mere act of performing the behavior

law of effect

the proposition that behaviors that lead to a satisfying state of affiars are strengthened while behaviors that lead to an unsatisfying state of affairs are weakened

natural reinforcers

reinforcers that are naturally provided for a certain behavior; they are a typical consequence of the behavior within that setting

negative punishment

the removal of a stimulus (that is appetitive) following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response

negative reinforecment

the removal of a stimulus (that is aversive) following a response, which then leads to an increase in the future strength of that response

Operant behavior

a class of emitted responses that result in certain consequences which affect the future probability or strength of those responses

operant conditioning

a type of learning in which the future probability of a behavior is affect by its consequences

positive punishment

the presentation of a stimulus ( an aversive one) following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response

positive reinforcement

the presentation of a stimulus (an appetitive one) following a response which then leads to an increase in the future strength of that response

primary reinforcer

an event that is innately reinforcing

punisher

an event that 1) follows a behavior and 2) decreases the future probability of that behavior

reinforcer

an event that 1) follows a behavior and 2) increases the future probability of that behavior

secondary reinforcer

an event that is reinforcing because it has been associated with some other reinforcer

shaping

the gradual creation of new operant behavior though reinfrocement of successive approximations to that behavior

three-term contigency

the relationship between a discriminative stimulus, an operant behavior, and a reinforcer or punisher

In ____ conditioning, it is what comes ____ the behavior that is critical

operant; after

Maria gives her canary some food each time it flutters its wings. The food is a

Cannot determine; additional information is needed

Extrinsic rewards are likely to raise intrinsic interest when they are

given for high quality performance

Seeing a movie is a(n) _____ reinforcer for going to a theatre.

natural

Over time, we are likely to become more and more efficient at washing the dishes. This is mostly the result of

shaping

A restaurant sign can be viewed as a(n) ____for entering the restaurant and getting a hamburger

SD

When Walter teased his sister, she hugged him. He never again teased her. This seems to be an example of what process?

positive punishment

Freud believed that humans are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain. This notion accords most closely with ______ definition of ______.

Thorndike's; the law of effect

Emitted is to elicited as ____ conditioning is to ____ conditioning

operant; classical

Mr. White tells Jesse: "If you don't cook, you won't get paid." Mr. White is attempting to apply what type of contingency?

positive reinforcement