psychological contract
the overall set of expectations held by an individual with respect to what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide in return
contributions
what the individual provides to the organization
inducements
what the organization provides to the individual
person-job fit
the extent to which the contributions made by the individual match the inducements offered by the organization
individual differences
personal attributes that vary from one person to another
personality
the relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another
big five" personality traits
a popular personality framework based on five key traits - agreeableness, conscientiousness, negative emotionality, extraversion, openness
agreeableness
a person's ability to get along with others
conscientiousness
the number of goals on which a person focuses
negative emotionality
extent to which a person is poised, calm, resilient, and secure
extraversion
a person's comfort level with relationships
openness
a person's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests
locus of control
the degree to which an individual believes that his or her behavior has a direct impact on the consequences of that behavior
self-efficacy
an individual's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task
authoritarianism
the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchal social systems like organizations
machiavellianism
behavior directed at gaining power and controlling the behavior of others
self-esteem
the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual
risk propensity
the degree to which an individual is willing to take chances and make risky decisions
emotional intelligence (EQ)
the extent to which people are self aware, manage their emotions, motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and possess social skills
attitudes
complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people
cognitive dissonance
caused when an individual has conflicting attitudes
job satisfaction or dissatisfaction
an attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual is gratified or fulfilled in his or her work
organizational commitment
an attitude that reflects an individual's identification with and attachment to the organization itself
positive affectivity
a tendency to be relatively upbeat and optimistic, have an overall sense of wellbeing, see things in a positive light, and seem to be in a good mood
negative affectivity
a tendency to be generally downbeat and pessimistic, see things in a negative way, and seem to be in a bad mood
perception
the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment
selective perception
the process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts our beliefs
stereotyping
the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute
attribution
the process of observing behavior and attributing causes to it
stress
an individual's response to a strong stimulus called a stressor
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
general cycle of the stress process
type a
individuals who are extremely competitive, are very devoted to work, and have a strong sense of time urgency
type b
individuals who are less competitive, are less devoted to work, and have a weaker sense of time urgency
burnout
a feeling of exhaustion that may develop when someone experiences too much stress for an extended period of time
creativity
the ability of an individual to generate new ideas or to conceive of new perspectives on existing ideas
workplace behavior
a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness
performance behaviors
the total set of work related behaviors that the organization expects the individual to display
absenteeism
when an individual does not show up for work
turnover
when people quit their jobs
organizational citizenship
the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to the organization