Seven Years War
(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English that proved the English to be the more dominant force of what was to be the United States both commercially and in terms of controlled regions.
Albany Plan of Union
plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to British, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain
Pontiac's Rebellion
1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.
Proclamation of 1763
A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.
End of Salutary Neglect
After the French and Indian war, British thought that they should no longer leave the colonies alone, and tightened the mercantilisty policies as exemplified by the Proc. Of 1763, the Currency Act, the Sugar Act, and more.
Sugar Act of 1764
An act that raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. It also increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.
Stamp Act 1765
Placed a tax on almost all printed materials in the colonies
Townshend Duties 1767
Taxes on imports from England. Way of raising revenue. Thought it wasn't bad because it was only external taxation, but the colonists were still and about it. Lord North repelled all of these except for the tax on tea.
Boston Massacre
The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans
Boston Tea Party
A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.
Intolerable Acts
series of laws passed in 1774 to punish Boston for the Tea Party
First Continental Congress
Delagates from all colonies except georgia met to discuss problems with britain and to promote independence
Second Continental Congress
Political authority that directed the struggle for independence beginning in 1775.
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
...
Declaration of Independence
the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain
Patriots
American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won
Loyalists
American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence
Articles of Confederation
A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.
Treaty of Paris (1783)
This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River
Northwest Territory
lands northwest of the Appalachians, covered by the Land Ordinance of 1785
Land Ordinance 1785
A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.
Northwest Ordinance 1787
Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery
Shays'Rebellion
an uprising of farmers in Massachusetts in 1786; the farmers were angry about having their property taken due to high taxes and crushing debt
Constitutional Convention 1787
A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution
Great Compromise
agreement providing a dual system of congressional representation
3/5ths Compromise
agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of other persons in determining representation in Congress
Natural Rights
the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property
Popular Sovereignty
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
Social Contract
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Separation of Powers
Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law
Federalism
A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
Ratification Process
9 of 13 states have to ratify before Constitution can go into effect
Federalists
A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.
Anti-Federalists
people who opposed the Constitution
Republican Motherhood
The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children
First & Second Reports on Public Credit
...
First American Party System
A term that defines the period of time when the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans competed for the presidency. It was ended with the Era of Good Feelings.
Federalist Party
1792-1816. Formed by Alexander Hamilton. Controlled the government until 1801. Wanted strong nationalistic government. Opposed by Democratic Republicans.
Hamiltonians
Federalist. Powerful central government. Wanted expansion of federal power. Get support of the weathly and willing to go into debt to turn them away from state government and toward federal government. Get money from revenue tariffs (raise money) and protective tariffs (protect American industries). Supports Bank of the U.S.
Democratic-Republican Party
Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank
Jeffersonians
favored a weak central government,believed that common men should hold political power, and believed debt should be payed off ASAP
French Revolution
The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.
Proclamation of Neutrality
A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.
Whiskey Rebellion
In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.
Washington's Farewell Address
...
Alien Act
1798 (JA), gave president authority to deport individuals whom he considered threat to US
Sedition Act
1918 law that made it illegal to criticize the government
Virginia Resolution
Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.
...
...