What are globulins?
Non-albumin proteins in the blood
What proteins are made by the liver?
Albumen, alpha and beta
What are gamma proteins?
Antibodies
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Forces fluid from capillaries to lymphatics
What is colloidal osmotic pressure?
Pulls fluid into capillaries from lymphatics
What is plasma?
Fluid part of un-clotted blood, contains all blood proteins
What is serum?
Fluid part of clotted blood, contains most blood proteins (not fibrinogen or clotting factors)
What is gammopathy?
Increased immunoglobulins in the blood
What is polyclonal gammopathy?
Increased concentration of different kinds of antibodies in the blood
What is monoclonal gammopathy?
Increased concentration of the same kinds of antibodies in the blood
What is the stimulus for release of APPs?
Tissue injury
What is protein losing nephropathy?
Protein loss via the kidneys
What is protein losing enteropathy?
Protein loss via the GIT
What disease would you expect for a cat with a low albumin:globulins?
FIP
What does a refractometer tell you?
USG and total proteins/solids
What should the units for total proteins on a refractometer and how would you convert them into it?
g/L (g/ml x 1000)
What is the difference between positive and negative APPs?
Positive: increase when there is tissue injury
Give some positive APPs
Horses and ruminants: fibrinogen and SAADogs: CRPCattle: haptoglobin Cats: alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
Give some negative APPs
Albumin and transferrin