Manual Resuscitators should have all of the following features:
Non-rebreathing valveOxygen reservoirOxygen inlet valveShould have a standard patient adaptor
When the bag is compressed
the NRB valve directs gas from the bag through the mask to the patient
Please identify all indications for resuscitator use:
can deliver positive pressure to a patient's airwaycan ventilate apneic patientscan be used to transport patients that are on mechanical ventilators
When the bag is released
the exhaled gas is directed through the exhalation port, and bag reinflates
Please list two hazards that are associated with manual resuscitators:
can cause barotrauma or pneumothoraxmalfunctioning nonrebreathing valve
To ensure that a manual resuscitator is ready for use, you would:
1. Make sure that no gas escapes through the outlet port when it is closed off and the bag is squeezed.2. Squeeze the bag, and make sure that the air/O2 reservoir intake valve closes properly3. Squeeze the bag, and make sure the nonrebreathing valve opens properly4. Feel for air leaving the outlet port when the bag is squeezed
A mouth-to-vlave resuscitation device is being used on an apneic patient. The respiratory therapist delivers a breath, but the patient's chest does not rise. What should be done next?
Check the valve for proper position
What is the recommended liter flow setting for a adult manual resuscitator
15 lam
Occlude the patient connector, then squeeze the bag. If the bag has a pressure relief valve, it should pop-off. If it doesn't have a pressure relief valve, it should not be possible to compress the bag.
The patient nonrebreathing valve or the bag inlet valve is missing or leaking
Squeeze the bag and then occlude the patient connection. The bag should reinflate via the inlet valve, and any attached O2 reserviour bag should deflate.
A jammed or malpositioned bag inlet valve
If the pressure pop-off continually activates, squeeze the bag more slowly. If this fails to lower the airway pressure, consider other potential causes.Select as many causes below that could apply in this situation:
PneumothoraxRight mainstem intubation
What term is used to describe difficult breathing in the reclining position?
orthopnea
Which of the following terms is used to describe coughing up blood-streaked sputum?
hemoptysis
Which of the following may cause the trachea to shift to the right?
right upper lobe atelectasis
What disease is associated with a barrel chest?
emphysema/copd
What is indicated by retractions?
increase WOB
In patients with chronic respiratory disease, what does pedal edema indicate?
right ventricular failure
While percussing a patient's chest wall, you encounter an area that produces an abnormal increase in resonance. Which of the following are possible causes of this finding? Choose all that apply.
AsthmaPneumothoraxEmphysema
While inspecting an elderly woman, you notice that her spine has an abnormal AP curvature. Which of the following terms would you use in charting this observation?
kyphosis
Which of the following thoracic deformities is characterized by an abnormal depression of part or all of the sternum?
Pectus excavatum
sounds that are heard through the stethescope while taking blood pressure
Korotkoff sounds
the pressure at which the first sound is heard when doing a blood pressure measurement
systolic
the pressure at which the last sound is heard when doing a blood pressure measurement
diastolic
pectus carinatum
pigeon chest, protrusion of the sternum and ribs
where to feel for blood pressure if there is a trauma
femoral artery
what can hypertension cause
it can affect all organ like the lungs and heart
semilunar valve
pulmonary and aortic
atrioventricular valves
bicuspid and tricuspid
right and left atrium
Chamber of the heart that receives blood from the blood vessels.
right and left ventricle
Two bottom chambers of the heart; includes both right and left ventricles RECEIVE
pulmonary veins
4oxygenate blood from lungs to the left atrium
aorta
The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.
pathway of blood through heart
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lung capillaries, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aorta
arteries
carry AWAY
veins
carry BACK
JVD (jugular vein distention)
right sided heart failure
pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
heart should not take up more than
half of chest
crackles
fine, crackling sounds made as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs
tactile fremitus
palpable vibration
upper respiratory tract
nose, pharynx, larynx
lower respiratory tract
larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
left lung
2 lobes
right lung
3 lobes
right bronchus
is larger and shorter and takes a more vertical direction
Glasgow coma scale
eyes, verbal, motorMax- 15 pts, below 8= coma
how to treat ADRS
small tidal volumes
how to treat stridor
racemic epinephrine
why do we cough
A cough is an important defense mechanism to rid the airways of mucus and foreign bodies. 1. acute (< 3 weeks) 2. chronic (> 3 weeks)
emphysema and COPD
Barrel chest, clubbingDiminished breath soundsLow O2Sat
Scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Kyphoscoliosis
combination of kyphosis and scoliosis
kyphosis
hunchback (AP)
pneumothorax pulls trachea
opposite directionex right sided pneumothorax would cause trachea to go to left side
atelectasis and pneumonia cause trachea
to go to the same side
how many valves in the heart
4
chest pain with inspiration is
pleuritic
two main arteries that supply the oxygen rich blood to the heart
left and right coronary arteries