PATIENT CARE

checking wrist band

what is the most accurate method of verifying patient identification

implied consent

occurs when a patient is in need of immediate medical services but is unconscious or physically unable to consent to treatment. it is assumed that the pt would consent if able

PT and PTT

what lab values measure the coagulation ability of a patient prior to an invasive CT study and attempt to detect deficiencies in the various clotting factors

hematocrit

the concentration of red blood cells within the total volume of blood. it may be used to evaluate the hydration status of a pt.

70-120 bpm

normal pulse range for a child is

60-100 bpm

normal pulse range for an adult

11-15 seconds

average range for normal prothrombin time (PT) is

partial thromboplastin time

PTT stands for

140,000-440,000

normal platelet count for an adult is ___________ micro L of blood

20-30 breaths per minute

normal respiration rate for a child

95-140 mm Hg

normal range of systolic blood pressure in an adult is:

systolic pressure

the measurement of blood pressure at its peak during contraction of the heart

12-20 breaths per minute

respiration rate for adults

diastole

the period of time when the heart muscle is relaxing.

ventricular diastole

relaxation of the ventricles

atrial diastole

relaxation of the atria

atrial fibrillation

a cardiac arrhythmia that results in an irregular heartbeat

d-dimer

what test is used to diagnose thrombosis

renal function

GFR is an approximation of creatine clearance and provides an assessment of

GFR

creatinine clearance, or the rate at which creatinine is filtered from the blood stream may be used to approximate

electrocardiogram

a graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart. utilized during cardiac CT to evaluate the heart rhythm and cycle

complete cardiac diastole

corresponds to the period of relaxation of the heart muscles and is indicated by the T wave of the ECG

relaxation or diastole

the heart is optimally imaged with the least artifact from motion during its period of

60+-10

normal range of GFR for women is ____________ mL/min/m^2

70+-14

range of GFR for men____________ mL/min/m^2

0.8-1.2

the normal range for the international normalized ratio (INR) for PT time is

INR

the _________ compares a patients PT with a control sample for a more accurate result

proximal

prior to IV injection a tourniquet is placed ________ to the injection site

standard precaution

refers to the principle that all blood and body fluids and secretions may contain transmissible infectious disease. ex. masks, goggles, gowns

aseptic technique

specific procedures that a practitioner employs to reduce the risk of infection during the IV administration of contrast. ex. washing hands, wear gloves, cleansing iv site with alcohol

intravenous (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, and intrathecal)

parenteral contrast administration refers to

vasovagal

systemic hypotension often leading to cerebral ischemia

mild reactions

nausea, mild urticaria, warm flushed feeling

moderate reactions

dyspnea, difficulty breathing

nonionic

iodinated contrast with lower osmolarity and a lower incidence of adverse reaction

ionic

contrast materials that dissociate into charged particles when placed into solution are termed

anions and cations

charged particles are termed

vagal

patients suffering from ________ reactions to iodinated contrast agents present with hypotension and bradycardia

atropine

a severe vagal reaction to contrast will need treatment with iv fluids, IV administration of___________ to block the vagal stimulation of the heart and increasing the blood pressure

viscosity

the fluids ability to flow

high

________ viscosity is thick and flows slowly

high atomic number

iodine is commonly used in radiopaque contrast media because of its

iodines

________ high atomic number causes it to attenuate a large portion of the primary beam

1000-2400

high-osmolar contrast material has an average osmolarity of___________mOsm/kg

osmolarity

a measure of the number of particles per kg of water

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

bradycardia

heart rate below 50 beats per minute

hypotension

systolic pressure below 80 mmHg

nonionic contrast

material is associated with a lower incidence of adverse reactions

hypovolemic shock

caused by an insufficient volume of circulating blood

hypovolemic shock

pallor, hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria

1-3% barium

because of its excessive density, barium sulfate may be used in CT only in suspensions with concentrations of

osmolarity

an important characteristic of iodinated radiopaque contrast media, ______________ describes the propensity of the agent to cause fluid from outside the blood vessel (extravascular space) to move into the blood stream(intravascular space)

12-24 hrs

how long were women supposed to dump breast milk after contrast

2 hours

the plasma half-life of intravenously administered iodinated contrast material is

stages of infection

incubation, prodromal, active, convalescence

incubation stage

begins when a pathogenic organism enters the host

prodromal stage

the appearance of early sign and symptoms of the disease

active stage

maximum appearance of the signs and symptoms of the disease

convalescence stage

the symptoms begin to diminish and may completely subside

fomites

infection may occur indirectly through contact with contaminated objects known as

strict isolation

used with patients at risk of infection because of immunosuppression or some other form of debilitative disease, also referred to as protective or reverse isolation

autoclave

mechanical device used for sterilization, involves the use of heat and steam under pressure to eliminate microbes

7-25

normal BUN values in adults range from ________ mg/dL

0.5-1.5

normal creatine levels range from __________mg/dL

25-35

partial thromboplastin time (PTT) __________ seconds

12-15

prothrombin time (PT) _________ seconds

lethargic

a level of consciousness where the patient appears drowsy but can be aroused

obtunded

a level of consciousness where the patient is in a more depressed state and may not be easily aroused from a state of confusion

stupor

a state of near unconsciousness, semicomatose

120 mmHg

systolic blood pressure should be less than

80 mmHg

diastolic pressure should be less than

1-5

a nasal cannula can deliver _______ LPM

6

an oxygen mask can deliver _______ LPM or higher

anxiolytic

_________ medications may be prescribed to reduce patient anxiety during CT

positive

_______ contrast agents are known as radiopaque. these are iodine and barium

nonionic contrast media

nonsalt chemical compounds that contain 3 atoms of iodine per molecule. they do not dissociate in solution. referred to as low-osmolar contrast media. examples area omnipaque, issue, and optiray

ionic contrast media

salts consisting of sodium and/or meglumine. each molecule contains 3 iodine atoms. when injected into the blood stream they dissociate into two charged particles or ions. these are high osmolar contrast medias. examples are corny and hypaque.

enteral contrast media

administered orally or rectally to opacify the GI tract. is either water soluble or a suspension of barium sulfate

barium sulfate

an inert compound with excellent attenuation properties.

30-90 minutes

routine transit time for barium sulfate or water-soluble contrast through the GI tract is typically between________

barium sulfate

___________ may not be used in cases of suspected perforation because it may be toxic to the peritoneum, it may also be harmful if aspirated

full inspiration

CT exams of the chest should be done at the end of

neutral contrast media

may be administered to opacify the small bowel, during enterolcysis and enterography. this contrast media distends the GI tract while still allowing for clear visualization of the bowel wall.

150-300 mL

________ CT contrast agent enema is usually sufficient to adequately opacify the rectum, sigmoid, and distal large bowel

single phase imaging

CT image acquisition occurs at a single specific time during or after the injection of the contrast agent. images are acquired in this fashion during a single period of contrast enhancement

multiphase imaging

acquisition of multiple series of CT images taken over timed intervals. before, during, or after contrast.

warm moist compress

in the event of extravasation, the needle should be removed, and pressure applied with a

cutaneous

_______ reactions are the most common and can occur 3-7 days after contrast administration