Lipids
are insoluble organic compounds that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) which are held together by ester bonds.
phospholipid
is a major component of cell membranes that is composed of two fatty acids tails and a glycerol head that is attached to a phosphate group.
Proteins
are organic molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON) that are made up of chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.
Amino acids
are the monomers of proteins that are made up of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R side chain.
Collagen
is a type of protein used to form bone and muscle that is the most abundant protein in the body.
Keratin
is a type of protein used to form hair and nails.
Nucleic acids
are organic molecules made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur (CHONPS) held together by phosphodiester bonds.
Nucleotides
are the monomers of nucleic acids and have 3 parts: - a phosphate group,- a five-carbon sugar,- and a nitrogenous base.
Reactants
are the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction that are located to the left of the arrow.
Products
are the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction that are located to the right of the arrow.
Exothermic reactions
are reactions where energy is released when chemical bonds are broken that usually give off heat. Exothermic reactions are also called decomposition reactions.
Endothermic reactions
are reactions where energy is absorbed and stored when chemical bonds are formed. Endothermic reactions are also called synthesis reactions.
Synthesis reactions
are endothermic reactions that occur when smaller particles are bonded together to form larger, more complex molecules by dehydration synthesis.
Decomposition reactions
are exothermic reactions that occur when bonds are broken in larger molecules by hydrolysis, resulting in smaller, less complex molecules.
catalyst
is a substance that speeds up the rateof a chemical reaction thus reducing the energyneeded for the reaction to occur.
Enzymes
are types of proteins that act as biologicalcatalysts.
Substrates
are the molecules that are acted upon by an enzyme and are the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Denaturation
occurs when a rise or fall in the pH or temperature can cause enzymes to change their shape, preventing them from fitting together in the enzyme-substrate complex.
ATP or adenosine triphosphate
is a molecule made up of a modified nitrogen base (adenine) and three phosphates that stores energy for chemical and mechanical processes in the body