OSHA
provide all employees with a safe work environment; on-site inspection, mandatory standards
CLSI
general laboratory safety and infection control guidelines
DOH-Health Facilities and Services Regulatory Bureau
set minimum standards for regulation of health facilities and services in the Ph
DOH-Health Facilities and Services Regulatory Bureau
issue permits to construct, license to operate and cert. of accreditation
universal precautions by cdc
set of preventive measures designed to reduce the risk of HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens in the health care setting
standard precautions
combination of universal precautions and body substance isolation
engineering controls
are devices that isolate or remove a hazard
biosafety cabinet
a device that encloses a workspace in such a way as to protect workers from aerosol exposure to infectious disease agents
0.3 microns
HEPA filters can remove particles as small as-
BSC class I
allow room (unsterilized) air to pass into the cabinet and around the area and material within, sterilizing only the air to be exhausted
BSC class II
sterilize air that flows over the infectious material, as well as air to be exhausted
BSC class III
completely enclosed, ventilated, with negative pressure, leak-tight construction and attached rubber gloves.
BSC class III
Exhaust air is treated with either double HEPA filtration or HEPA filtration and incineration
BSL 1
no known pathogenic potential for immunocompetent individual
BSL 2
when procedure may lead to the production of infectious aerosols
BSL 4
primarily used in research facilities
sterilization
process that kills all forms of microbial life, including bacterialendospores.
disinfection
process that destroys pathogenic organisms, but not necessarily all microorganisms, endospores, or prions
decontamination
the removal of pathogenic microorganisms so items are safe to handle or dispose
microbial load
Total number of organisms present
prions
most resistant type of organism
1:10 dilution bleach
recommended disinfectant for tables by CDC
glutaraldehyde
Sporicidal in 3 to 10 hoursDoes not corrode lenses, metals, or rubber
paracetic acid
Effective in the presence of organic material
alcohols
antiseptic that is germicidal except spores
iodophors
iodine combined with organic carrier molecule
povidone-iodinepoloxamer-iodine
examples of iodophors
hexachlorophene
antiseptic that is bactericidal and can be toxic
NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite)
disinfectant that is easily inactivated by organic material
contact time
The amount of time a disinfecting agent is in contact with the object
room temperature
temperature for disinfectants
boilingpasteurizationUV
physical methods for disinfection
• Alcohols• Aldehydes• Peracetic acid• Chlorine-containing compounds• Hydrogen peroxide• Quaternary ammonium compounds • Phenolic
chemical methods for disinfection
• Incineration• Moist Heat• Dry Heat• Ionizing radiation • Filtration
physical methods for sterilization
• Ethylene oxide gas• Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide• Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
chemical methods for sterilization
incineration
literally burning of hazardous materials to ashes at 870˚C to 980˚C
incineration
safest method to ensure that no infective agent remain
moist heat
steam under pressure
dry heat
Exposure of materials at higher temperatures than moist heat for a longer exposure time
ionizing radiation
Used to sterilizing disposables such as syringes, catheters or gloves before use
filtration
Method of choice for heat-sensitive materials
cellulose acetate/cellulose nitrate membrane with vaccum
used in filtration of liquids
HEPA
used in filtration of air
interstate shipment of etiologic agent code
guide in the transport of infectious materials
short-term exposure limits
refer to the max limits that a worker can continuously exposed to a chemical without health danger