define an organic molecule
molecules that contain carbon
what is a polymer?
large molecules of repeating units called monomers
define a biomolecule
organic molecules associated with living organisms
list the different biomolecules
carbohydrates lipidsproteins nucleotides (polymer = nucleic acid)
what is the most abundant biomolecule
carbohydrate
what are Monosaccharides
simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)
what is the most diverse biomolecule
lipid
lipids are ______ and ________
nonpolar ; hydrophobic
_________ are made of glycerol and fatty acids
lipids
Define phospholipids
these are lipids that contain a phosphate group that contains both phosphorous and nitrogen.important for cell membranes
A _______ acts like a hormone
steroid
Define an eicosanoid
regulatory lipid for cells
monoglyceride
a glycerol molecule with one fatty acid attached
diglyceride
glycerol + 2 fatty acids
triglyceride
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
what is the most versatile biomolecule
protein
Define peptide bond
joining of 1 amino group of 1 amino acid to the carboxyl group of the other
what are the 3 groups that all amino acids have attached to them
carboxyl group (-COOH)amino group (-NH2) hydrogen attached to the same carbon
how many amino acids are found in oligosaccharides
2-9
how many amino acids are found in polypeptides
10-100
how many amino acids are found in proteins
> 100 amino acids
what are the different types of protein structure
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
what makes up a nucleotide
nitrogenous base sugar ribose phosphate
What is a purine?
double-ringed nitrogenous base; adenine and guanine
What is a pyrimidine?
single-ringed nitrogenous base; thymine and cytosine
ATPbase? sugar? phosphate group?
adenine ribose 3 phosphate
ADP base? sugar? phosphate group?
adenine ribose 2 phosphate
cAMP base? sugar? phosphate group?
adenine ribose 1 phosphate
NADbase? sugar? phosphate group?
adenine2 ribose 2 phosphate has NICOTINAMIDE
FAD base? sugar? phosphate group?
adenine ribose 2 phosphate has RIBOFLAVIN
conjugated molecules
Molecules composed of two or more types of organic molecules covalently bonded togetherlipoprotein = protein + lipid glycoprotein = protein + carbohydrate
Define glycosylated
carbohydrates are attached to another biomolecule