Religion
belief in, obedience to, and reverence for a god, gods, or similar superhuman power, the performance of religious rites/observances.
Spirituality
one's integrative view of life, involves quest for the meaning and ultimate value of life
Spirituality (traditional sense)
religious process of reformation which aims to recover the original shape of man
Holistic
an element of spirituality that refers to the fully integrated view to life
Quest for meaning
an element of spirituality referring to the self's search for ultimate knowledge of life through an individualized understanding; includes the purpose of life
quest for the sacred
an element of spirituality referring to beliefs about God
suggest a self-reflective existence
an element of spirituality where one reflects on their self
Spiritual but not religious
- associates faith with the private realm of personal experience rather than with the public realm of erligious institutions, creeds, and rituals- may ignore membership in religious institutions, participation in rites, and adherence to official denominational doctrines
Religious but not spiritual
one does practices but do not understand what it offers to oneself
belief system
ideology/set of principles assisting us in interpreting our everyday reality
worldview
creates a mental structure that organizes our basic ultimate beliefs
value laden
beliefs aim at developing values
prescriptive
beliefs exert power to influence a person to follow what these beliefs require
purposive
beliefs provide purpose through the goal of the religion
communal
beliefs provide a sense of community
theism
umbrella worldview among the world religions; belief in supernatural deities
monotheism
Belief in one God
polytheism
Belief in many gods
deism
powerful being exists but doesn't intervene
pantheism
the belief that the divine reality exists in everything; everything is god
panentheism
belief that god is in everything
atheism
Belief that there is no god.
agnoticism
Belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists
culture of dialogue
holistic approach emphasizing the human and spiritual dimensions of life-in-dialogue with god, with oneself, with others, and with creation
religion (according to social science)
a system of beliefs and practices by which a group of people interprets and responds to what they feel is sacred and, usually, supernatural as well
-Religion is a collective Phenomenon-Religion is concerned with ordering behavior in relation to the Sacred and/or the supernatural-Religion involves a body of beliefs and moral prescriptions-Religion expects its followers to follow a set of practice
religion as a social reality in four aspects
-One's quest for spiritual growth and self-transcendence-Framework of transcendent beliefs -Sacred texts of writings-Rituals-Sacred spaces
elements of religion
-Holistic -Quest for Meaning -Quest for the Sacred -Suggest a Self-reflective Existence
elements of spirituality
value-laden, prescriptive, instrumental/purposive, communal
elements of a belief system
sincerity, sensitivity, solidarity (sss)
attitudes that help develop inter-religious dialogue.
abraham
Founder of Judaism, the first jew, physical and spiritual ancestor of the Jewish people, one of 3 patriarchs (Avot) of Judaism, believed that there is only 1 god
moses
- moshe rabbenu- first 5 books attributed to him- channel between god and the hebrews- 10 commandments
- when the temple of jerusalem was destroyed (586 bc)- when the babylonian empire fell to the persians, where it allowed Jews to rebuild the temple
origin of judaism (2 sequential happenings)
judaism
- oldest monotheistic religion- originated 3,500 years ago- influenced western civilization- depicted as a religion, a race, a culture, and a nation
hebrews
refer to who accepted yahweh as their god
israelites
- descendants of hebrews, which originated from abraham- citizens of israel
jew
- came from yehudah or judah, southern kingdom of israel- used to refer someone who practices judaism and takes part in jewish culture
tanakh
- Hebrew Bible- 24 books divided into 3 parts
Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim
The Hebrew Bible is divided into three sections:
torah
- First five books of the Hebrew Bible- early history of judaism- law & teaching handed down to moses by yahweh- can also be used to refer to the whole jewish bible, the body of scripture we know as the old testament
- covenant of one god with a chosen people- for jews there is only one god, the creator, and israel/the jewish ppl are his chosen ppl
core teaching of judaism
orthodox judaism
The most traditional branch of Judaism
reform judaism
Modern Judaism with fewer rules and more room for individuality
Mount Sinai (Horeb)
Place where God revealed the Ten Commandments to Moses
sabbath
a holy day for rest and worship
jesus
Founder of Christianity
Jesus' life, death, and teachings
origin of Christianity
holy bible
- Christian holy book, which consists of both the New and Old Testament.
old testament
all books of the hebrew w/ some modifications in the arrangement
new testament
-the second part of the Christian Bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers-contains the essential principles/core teachings of Christian teachings
the gospels
narrations of jesus' life and teachings
Acts of the Apostles
early growth of christianity
epistles
letters from paul to early christians
the revelation
end of time, judgement, and reign of the kingdom of god
God sent His Son to the Earth to atone for our sins.
core teaching of christianity
rejection-vindication
Jesus was condemned to death, crucified, and was buried but after three days, resurrected and went to his Father in heaven.
defeat of the earthly powers
the dominant powers during Jesus' time had caused His death but later was defeated by the domination system of God—raising Jesus from the dead.
disclosure of the "Way
a revelation of the possibility of living a life like Christ's
Love of God
revealed on the cross; the Cross symbolizes the unconditional love of God for us
Jesus died for our sins
he was the sacrificial lamb offered by God as atonement for the sins of mankind
catholic church
- central authority is pope- belief in 7 sacraments- belief in purgatory- saints, mary
eastern orthodox church
- pentarchy- naur to immaculate conception- union with synod
protestantism
a form of Christianity that was in opposition to the Catholic Church
jordan river
Where Jesus was baptized
easter
Resurrection of Jesus
christmas
A Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Christ
Mohammed
570-632. Born in Mecca, died in Medina. Founder of Islam. Regarded by Muslims as a prophet of God. Teachings make up the Qu'ran, the Muslim holy book.
qu'ran
The holy book of Islam
suras
Chapters in the Qur'an (114)
Inimitability
qu'ran is the timeless word of god no human can produce; divine authorship
al-fatiha
the opening chapter of the Qur'an; recited during each of the 5 daily prayers
there is only one god and muhammad is his final and greatest messenger
core teaching of islam
shahadah
Declaration of faith
salat
5 daily prayers
zakat
Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims
sawm
Fasting during Ramadan
hajj
Pilgrimage to Mecca
sunni
believes that the caliph should be elected by the community
shiite
believes that only a descendant or blood relative of muhammad could be his succesor
mecca
the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace
Ramadan
commemorates when Muhammad received the initial revelations of Qur'an