Sigmund Freud
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
Carl Rogers
1902-1987; Field: humanistic; Contributions: founded person-centered therapy, theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth, unconditional positive regard, fully functioning person
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization
Ivan Pavlov
discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell
Jean Piaget
Known for his theory of cognitive development in children
Wilhelm Wundt
german physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879
G. Stanley Hall
opened first psychology lab in the US, and he founded and became the first president of the APA
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training pigeons and rats
John B. Watson
founder of behaviorism
Margaret Floy Washburn
First female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd president of the APA (1921)
Mary Whiton Calkins
first female president of the APA (1905); a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her sex (later, posthumously, it was granted to her)
Charles Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
William James
founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment
Edward Titchener
Student of Wilhelm Wundt; founder of Structuralist school of psychology.