Strawman
Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack
appeal to pity
uses the audiences's sympathy, concern, or guilt in order to overwhelm their sense of logic
slippery slope
You said that if we allow A to happen, then Z will eventually happen too, therefore A should not happen
ad hominem
You attacked your opponent's character or personal traits in an attempt to undermine their argument
tu quoque
You avoided having to engage with criticism by turning it back on the accuser - you answered criticism with criticism
bandwagon
You appealed to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempted form of validation
appeal to authority
You said that because an authority thinks something, it must therefore be true
appeal to ignorance
based on the assumption that whatever has not been proven false must be true
false Dilemma
occurs when it is suggested that only two alternatives exist even though there may be others
circular argument
restates the argument rather than actually proving it
hasty generalization
a fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence
red herring
introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion
appeal to hypocrisy
countering a charge with a charge, rather than addressing the issue being raised, with the intention of diverting attention away from the original argument
casual fallacy
making a faulty cause and effect connection between two things or events
sunk costs
continuing to argue an argument despite the fact that it's been disproven
equivocation
intentionally use vague language
false equivalence
establish equivalence between two disproportionate comparisons