Potential energy is energy which is stored in a system or object which can be..
gravitational, elastic or chemical
Mechanical energy is a combination of what types of energy?
potential and kinetic energy
Is the following statement true or false?"Magnetisim is a type of energy
False
A 25kg object is lifted to a height of 2m. How many Joules of potential energy has it gained? ND used 10m/s^2 for 'g' and for this instance just the numeric answer is required, not the unit. (show equation also)1 Joule = the energy transferred (or work done) to an object
GPE = mgh =25kg x 10m/s^2 x 2m = 500Where:GPE = gravitational potential energym = mass in kg g = gravitational constant (usually 9.8m/s^-2 UNLESS specified)h = height in metres
How much work was done to lift a 25kg object 2m with the GPE of 500 ?(include unit this time)
500J ("500" calculated from unitless equation for GPE on other card)
If this 25kg object dropped from 2m to the floor below, what would the velocity in m/s of the object be when it reached the floor? REMEMBER: as an object falls, its speed increases due to being pulled by gravity. gravitational constant: 9.8m/s^2.
6.32
Is the following statement true or false?"The amount of energy in the universe is not constant. Some of it can be accounted for as it is transformed from one type to another or transferred from one object or place to another, but there is always heat lost
false
Machines 'obey' the law of conservation of energy because they...
make a force bigger to carry out an action. Machines help to lift/move a load which is too heavy to be lifted/moved by our own effort force alone.
Energy changes which occur in the human body include...
chemical potential to chemical potential, chemical potential to heat, chemical potential to kinetic
The type of energy which is most commonly produced during energy transfers and transformations, but is often not accounted for is...
heat
Is the following statement true or false? "The temperature of an object is dependent upon the average potential energy of the particles
false
The SI temperature scale relates to...
absolute zero
The heat transfer method which depends upon the density of a material is..
conduction
Is the following statement true or false? "As humidity increases, the rate of evaporation increases
false
The amount of heat absorbed or released during a change of phase of a substance is called...
Latent heat
Is the following statement true or false? "Air has a low specific heat value, meaning that little heat energy is required to change the temperature of a mass of air
true
Is the following statement true or false? "The natural process of heat energy transfer is always from a hotter object to a cooler object
true
Heat loss by evaporation from the body is a combination of...
radiation and conduction
In the equation Q =mxcxΔT or Q =mcΔT (Heat energy liberated for a temperature change of mass) , what do the following stand for?1. Q 2. m3. c4. ΔT
1. Q = heat energy2. m = mass3. c = specific heat4. ΔT = change in temperature (final temp - initial temp)
In a closed system, heat gained by one thing equals...
heat lost by another thing.
Heat is a form of energy measured in the SI unit: ______.
Joules
Temperature is measured in the SI unit: ______.
Kelvin
Temperature scales for degrees Celsius an Kelvin start at different ends, therefore: 0 K (zero Kelvin) = ____oC (degrees celsius)
-273oC
Specific heat is measured in the SI unit: joule per kilogram kelvin which is abbreviated to..
Jkg-1 K-1
Is the following statement true or false? "Relative humidity is dependent on temperature
true
The kinetic theory of gases makes the assumption that...
gas particles occupy all space available to them.
Boyles Law states that the pressure a gas exerts and the volume it occupies are...
inversely proportional
Charles Law is the relationship between the..
temperature and volume of a gas
If the volume of a container of gas is not fixed, at equilibrium the pressure exerted by a gas is equal to the..
external pressure exerted on the gas
A 250mL bag containing a muffin is sealed when the atmospheric pressure is 100kPa. How does the volume of the bag change when it is taken up a mountain in a backpack where the atmospheric pressure drops to 90kPa? The volume...
increases
A bag of popcorn at room temperature (20 degrees celsius) is put in the microwave and heated until the air inside the bag is 200 oC. If the original volume of the bag was 50 mL, how does the volume of the air inside the bag change? The volume..
increases
The rate of diffusion of a gas depends on...
the diffusion constant for a substance which is dependant on the mass and speed (e.g large molecules diffuse more slowly / have less Kinetic Energy as speed decreases as mass increases.)
Particles will diffuse across a permeable membrane from...
high to low concentration and high to low pressure
Is the following statement true or false?"An instrument for measuring pressure is called a manometer
true
Pressure in a fluid acts...
equally in all directions as long as the liquid is NOT moving.
Is the following statement true or false? "The pressure from a tap at the bottom of a water tower which is 5m high is 49 kPa (note the density of water is 1000 kg/m^3)
true
The relationship between the velocity and pressure of a fluid at a constriction or narrowing in a tube is described by what effect?
The Bernoulli effect
The factor which most affects fluid flow in tubing is..
radius
Is the following statement true or false?"Buoyancy is a force acting downwards by a fluid on a floating object
false. it is upwards
A blow/strike to the front of the eye is transmitted to the retina at the back of the eye. This is explained by what principle?
Pascal's principle
If the viscosity of a fluid increases and therefore decreases the flow rate, the viscosity can be reduced by....
heating the fluid and / or diluting the fluid
Is the following statement true or false?"Substances must contain iron to be permanently magnetised
false
Is the following statement true or false?"A current carrying wire has a circular magnetic around it and perpendicular to it
true
A magnetic field can force _________to move in a conducting wire
electrons
When a conducting wire suspended in a magnetic field has current flow in it, the wire..
experiences a force
Is the following statement true or false?"An electric motor and a generator operate on the same principle
false
If a coil of wire and magnetic field move relative to each other...
current flows in the wire
The magnetic field around a solenoid increases in strength with...
an increase in the number of turns per unit length by increasing the CURRENT flowing through the solenoid OR by increasing the magnetic permeability of the material in the solenoid.
Is the following statement true or false?"An electric motor requires electricity to produce motion due to the interaction of magnetic fields
true
Is the following statement true or false?"A generator requires electricity to produce mechanical force
false
A step-up transformer induces....
more current in the secondary coil
Is the following statement true or false? "Static electricity is due to the transfer and build up of charge due to motion between objects or materials, when there is no conducting pathway available for this charge.
true
The particles which are transferred when an object discharges any static electrical charge are...
electrons
The difference in energy between 2 points in an electrical circuit is measured in..
volts
Electrical current is measured in Amperes (A). 1 amp is 1..
C/s (1 coulomb per second)
Is the following statement true or false?"Voltage across each component in a series circuit is equal to the voltage of the power supply, and the current is constant in all parts of the circuit
false
A material which under certain conditions might alter in resistance is described as a..
semiconductor
Is the following statement true or false?"The total resistance of a parallel circuit is less than the resistance of the smallest resistor in the circuit
true
The resistance of a conducting wire depends upon..
length, cross sectional area, temperature and type of material
What condition best prevents the build up of static electricity?
high humidity
Is the following statement true or false? "Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transformed into other forms of energy
true
Is the following statement true or false?"Resistance is called impedance when referring to an AC unit
true
A capacitor does not conduct...
DC (direct current)
A defibrillator and a camera flash both utilize a...
capacitor
An inductor impedes flow of current due to the temporary magnetic field inducing a current to flow in the..
opposite direction
Is the following statement true or false? "Micro shock travels through the body to the heart
false
If the body is wet, resistance is...
decreased dramatically
Is the following statement true or false? "Equipment should always be earthed or grounded
true
The body can produce electrical signals due to the movement of _______across the membrane of nerve and/or specialised muscle cells
ions
The diffusion of K+ out of a nerve cell during an action potential is called..
repolarisation
A Wheatstone Bridge circuit can be used to measure non-electrical signals by recording changes in..
resistance
A Wheatstone Bridge commonly measures changes in force or pressure using a sensing resistor called a..
strain gauge
A state of 'null deflection' on a Wheatstone Bridge circuit means that....
Voltage across the bridge is zero and the ratio of the resistors on each side of the bridge is equal
Electrodes are ________which detect ____________signals
sensors, electrical
A Wheatstone Bridge circuit uses changes in _______to measure changes in ____________
resistance, physical variables
Is the following statement true or false?"A transducer converts one type of energy/signal into another type of energy/signal
true
A photocell transduces..
light to electricity
Is the following statement true or false? "A piezoelectric transducer can convert movement to an electrical signal and the reverse, an electrical signal to movement
true
A strain gauge can transduce _______ into an ____signal
pressure, electrical
Is the following statement true or false?"The eye and the ear are transducers
true
A transduction process which will convert pressure into an electrical signal is..
resistive
A high pass filter allows the frequencies/frequency ________ than a particular frequency within the bandwidth to be recorded
higher
Capacitors offer high impedance to ______frequencies in the process of filtering
low
A high pass filter permits frequencies____________ than a particular frequency to pass into an instrument to be recorded
higher
Is the following statement true or false? "If the bandwidth measured by an instrument is 0.05 Hz - 1000 Hz, the low pass filter is 1000 Hz
true
A differential amplifier has _______ input(s) and one output
two
CMRR means..
common mode rejection ratio
Isolation protects the
user and instrument
The recommended sampling rate for a recording which includes 20 Hz frequencies would be..
40 Hz
Is the following statement true or false?"The frequency response of an instrument should be such that all recorded frequencies are treated the same
true
an overdamped recording
loses amplitude
Is the following statement true or false?"If the time constant within a measurement system is too slow, important high frequency events can be missed.
true
Physical events produce __________signals
analogue
A digital signal is...
a sample of the analogue signal and a discrete quantity
What force is only ever a "pulling" force?
frictional
Is the following statement true or false?"Forces are vector quantities and a vector quantity is 2 dimensional".
true
Is the following statement true or false?"The centripetal force acting on a bicycle on a cycle track is friction
true
Is the following statement true or false?"The direction of acceleration is in the same direction as the net force acting
true
If there were an oil spill on a clockwise race track, as the racing car traveled through it, it would tend to..
veer to the left, moving to an area where friction is greatest, as friction is the force acting upon the turned wheels of the car providing centripetal force required for circular motion.
If a trolley loaded up with equipment which was not secured to the trolley was being pushed and the trolley suddenly stopped, the equipment would continue moving and fall off the trolley due to which of Newton's laws of motion?
The First (Inertia)
Is the following statement true or false?"In a game of pool, if one ball stops dead after the collision, the other ball will continue away with all the momentum. If the moving ball continues or is deflected then both balls will carry a portion of the momentum from the collision.
true
Inertia is..
The tendency of an object to continue with the same velocity
Is the following statement true or false?"Sound waves travel in a vacuum
False. because sound requires a medium to form and travel
Is the following statement true or false?"Electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum
True. Electromagnetic waves can move freely through a vacuum as they do not need to travel through matter. Electromagnetic waves travel slightly faster in a vacuum than through matter.
Ultrasound waves are..
sound with a frequency greater than 20,000 Hz, which means they are inaudible to the human ear.
Refraction (or 'bending' / change in direction) occurs due to..
A change in density of material / medium which leads to a change in speed of wave that influences a change in the direction of the wave.
Is the following statement true or false?"The Doppler Effect results in an apparent change in frequency of sound emitted or received by a moving object relative to a stationary observer
True
Radio waves are the ______ range of electromagnetic waves with a frequency from 10^4Hz to 10^_Hz
lowest, 10^9Hz
Is the following statement true or false?"All waves are produced by a source of oscillation/ vibration
True. All waves have a source of oscillatory motion or oscillations. The way that these oscillations occur is how the types of waves are distinguished into their different types.
The electromagnetic spectrum is arranged in order of...
frequency and wavelength
The process of hearing requires..
amplification of sound waves by the middle ear ( after the sound waves have entered through the outer ear.)
The process of hearing involves the transduction of sound energy in the External ear to what energy forms in the following locations:1. The middle ear2. The inner ear
1. Middle ear = mechanical energy 2. Inner ear = electrochemical energy
Ultrasonic waves are commonly produced using the following transduction method:
Reverse piezoelectric effect. This is when a small voltage is applied across piezoelectric crystals which become deformed and will vibrate at the same rate as the frequency of the applied voltage, generating pressure waves (sound) in the medium.
Ionising radiation includes..
Ultraviolet waves, X-rays and Gamma rays
Is the following statement true or false?"Alpha and beta radiation is particle radiation and gamma radiation is electromagnetic waves
True. The three main types of radiation are: Alpha particles, Beta particles and Gamma rays.
Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are produced due to changes in the...
nucleus of an atom. Radioactive emissions of alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays are produced by undergoing a process which causes their unstable atomic nucleus to become more stable.
Ionising radiation causes..a) atoms to lose electronsb) free radicals to formc) potentially permanent changes to the structure of moleculesd) temporary changes to moleculese) all of the above
e) all of the above
Is the following statement true or false?"As a result of exposure to radiation, cells may stop dividing
True.
Is the following statement true or false?"As a result of exposure to radiation, cells may divide more rapidly
True
Ionising radiation can be used therapeutically due to the fact that ionising radiation is capable of:a) prolonging the life of cellsb) heating tissuec) destroying cellsd) producing ions
c) destroying cells
Ionising radiation can be used diagnostically due to the fact that it can be..a) detected and used to form imagesb) repair damaged cells c) destroy unwanted cellsd) produced easily
a) detected and used to form images
Is the following statement true or false?"Beta radiation is the most penetrating form of ionising radiation
False. Gamma rays are the most penetrating form of ionising radiation.
To reduce exposure to radiation: a) distance should be maximised b) time of exposure should be minimised c) shielding must be used d) signage must be used e) all of the above f) a and b g) b and c h) a, b and c.
h) a, b and c.