Extensor Digitorum Longus
• O: Tibia - Lat condyle + Fibula - Prox 2/3 + Interosseous membrane Prox 1/3 • I: Toes 2-5 dorsal surface, Mid and distal Phalanges• A: EXT of toes 2-5 at MTP and IP; Dorsiflexion• N: Deep Fibular n• A: Ant Tibial artery
Extensor Hallucis Longus
• O: Fibula - Ant middle 1/3 + Interosseous membrane Middle 1/3• I: Big toe dorsal surface, Distal Phalanx• A: EXT of toe at MTP and IP; Dorsiflexion• N: Deep Fibular n• A: Ant Tibial artery
Flexor Digitorum Longus
• O: Tibia - Post Mid 1/3• I: Toes 2-5 Plantar surface, Distal Phalanges• A: FLEX of toes 2-5 at MTP and IP; Plantarflexion, Inversion• N: Tibial n• A: Post Tibial artery
Flexor Hallucis Longus
• O: Fibula - Post Distal 2/3 + Interosseous membrane Distal 2/3• I: Big toe Plantar surface, Distal Phalanx• A: FLEX of toe 1 at MTP and IP; Plantarflexion, Inversion• N: Tibial n• A: Post Tibial artery
Popliteus
• O: Femur Post-Lat• I: Tibia - Superior portion, Posterior• A: Unlocks the knee, Medial rotation of tibia• N: Tibial n• A: Post Tibial artery
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
• O: Calcaneus - Dorsal surface• I: Toes 2-4: Lat side of EDL distal tendons• A: EXT of toes 2-4 at MTP and PIP, DIP• N: Deep Fibular n.• A: Dorsalis Pedis artery
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
• O: Calcaneus - Dorsal surface• I: Big toe - dorsal surface, base of prox phalanx• A: EXT of Big toe at MTP• N: Deep Fibular n.• A: Dorsalis Pedis artery
AH (Abductor Hallucis)
• O: Calcaneus tub +Plantar Fascia + Flex retinaculum• I: Big toe - Prox Phalanx - med plantar side• A : ABD of Big toe; FLEX at MTP• N: Medial Plantar n.• A: Medial plantar artery(First layer)
Abductor Digiti Minimi Pedis
• O: Calcaneus tub, Plantar Fascia• I: Lat plantar base of Prox phalanx of Toe 5• A: ABD of Toe 5• N: Lateral Plantar n.• A: Lateral plantar arteries(First layer)
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
• O: Calcaneus - tub + Plantar Fascia• I: Mid Phalanges - med + lat aspects• A: flexion of toes 2-5 at MTP and PIP• N: Medial Plantar n.• A: Medial and Lateral plantar arteries(First layer)
QP (Quadratus Plantae)
• O: med and Lat Calcaneus• I: FDL - distal tendon• A: FLEX of Toes 2-5 at MTP, PIP, DIP• N: Lat Plantar N• A: Medial and Lateral plantar arteries(Second layer)
Lumbricals Pedis
• O: Flex Dig Longus - Distal tendon1. Med border of Toe 2 2. Adj sides of toe 2-3 3. Adj side of toe 3-44. Adj sides of toe 4-5• I: Ext Dig Longus - med side + dorsal dig expansion of toes 2-5• A: flexion of toes 2-5 at MTP + Ext of toes 2-5 at PIP, DIP• N: Medial and Lat plantar nerves• A: Medial and Lateral plantar arteries(second layer)
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
• O: Cuboid + 3rd Cuneiform• I: Prox phalanx of Big toe : plantar surface, medial and Lat sides (2 heads)• A: flexion of the big toe at MTP• N: Medial plantar nerve• A: Medial plantar arteryTHIS MM HAS MED AND LAT HEADs(Third layer)
Flexor Digiti Minimi Pedis
• O: 5th metatarsal: plantar surface, base + Fibularis Longus: distal tendon• I: 5th toe: plantar surface, prox phalanx• A: Flexion of the 5th toe at MTP• N: Lateral plantar nerve• A: Lateral plantar artery(Third layer)
Adductor Hallucis
• O: Oblique head - Base of metatarsals 2-4 + Fib Longus (distal tendon)Transverse head - Plantar MTP ligaments• I: Big toe - Prox phalanx: Lat base• A: ADD of the big toe at MTP• N: Lateral plantar nerve• A: Branches of the Plantar arch(Third layer)
Plantar Interossei
• O: Metatarsals 3-5: Med sides (2nd Toe side)1. Metatarsal 32. Metatarsal 43. Metatarsal 5• I: Prox phalanges of Toes 3-5, Med side (2nd toe side) + Dorsal Dig Exp1. Toe 32. Toe 43. Toe 5• A: ADD of Toes 3-5 at MTP; Flexion at MTP; Ext at PIP and DIP• N: Lateral plantar nerve• A: Branches of the Plantar arch(fourth layer)
Dorsal Interossei Pedis
• O: Adj sides of 2 Metatarsals1. Metatarsals 1 and 22. Metatarsals 2 and 33. Metatarsals 3 and 44. Metatarsals 4 and 5• I: Base of the Prox phalanges of Toes 2-4 (sides away from the center 2nd toe) + DorsalDig Exp1. Medial side of Toe 22. Lateral side of Toe 23. Lateral side of Toe 34. Lateral side of Toe 4• A: ABD of Toes 2-4 at MTP; Flexion at MTP 2-4; Ext at PIP and DIP 2-4• N: Lateral plantar nerve• A: Branches of the Plantar arch(Fourth layer)
Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: TVP of L 1-4 and Rib 12Insertion: Posterior Iliac CrestAction: Sideflexion of the L/S, Anterior tilt of the pelvis, elevation of the pelvisInnervation: Lumbar plexus T12-L1Arterial supply: Subcostal and Lumbar artery
Piriformis (DEEP EXTERNAL ROTATORS)
Origin: Anterior sacrum and anterior sacrotuberous ligamentInsertion: Greater Trochanter (superomedial surface)Action: Lateral rotation, horizontal extension, medial rot (past 90 degree flexion) of the thigh at the hipInnervation: Nerve to piriformis (Lumbar Plexus)Arterial supply: Superior and Inferior gluteal arteries
Superior Gemellus
Origin: Ischial spineInsertion: Greater trochanter (medial surface)Action: Laterally rotates thigh at the hipInnervation: Nerve to obturator internus (Lumbosacral plexus L5/S1)Arterial supply: Inferior gluteal arteryPGOG = Greater trochanter, Second O = Intertrochanteric fossaS. Gemellus = Ischial spine, Inf.Gemellus = Ischial tuberosity(lower)
Obturator Internus
Origin: Internal surface of obturator foramen (ischium, ilium, pubis)Insertion: Greater trochanter (medial surface)Action: Laterally rotates thigh at the hipInnervation: Nerve to obturator internus (Lumbosacral plexus L5/S1)
Inferior Gemellus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity (superior aspect)Insertion: Greater trochanter (medial surface)Action: Laterally rotates thigh at the hipInnervation: Nerve to Quadratus FemorisArterial supply: Inferior gluteal artery
Obturator Externus
Origin: External surface of obturator foramen (ischium, ilium, pubis)Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femurAction: Laterally rotates the thigh at the hipInnervation: Obturator nerve (L3/4)Arterial supply: Obturator artery
Quadratus Femoris
Origin: Ischial tuberosity (lateral border)Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest of the femurAction: Laterally rotates the thigh at the hipInnervation: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L5/S1)
Pectineus (Adductor group)
Origin: Pubis (pectineal line)Insertion: Proximal posterior shaft of femur (pectineal line)Action: Flexes, adducts thigh at the hipInnervation: Femoral N.Arterial supply: Femoral artery and obturator artery
Psoas Major
• Origin: T12 - L5 / anterolateral bodies and the disc, TVP of L1-5• Insertion: Lesser trochanter - Femur• Action: FLEX and ER of the hip, Posterior tilt of the pelvis• Innervation: L1-3• Arterial supply: Lumbar and Iliolumbar a.
Psoas Minor (Absent in 40%))
• Origin: T12-L1 / anterolateral bodies and the disc• Insertion: Pubis - pectineal line and ilipoectineal eminence• Action: FLEX and sideflexion at L/S; Post tilt of the pelvis• Innervation: L1• Arterial supply: Lumbar a.
Iliacus
• Origin: Ilium - internal area: upper 2/3 of the iliac fossa, AIIS and sacral ala• Insertion: Lesser trochanter- Femur• Action: FLEX and ER of the hip• Innervation: Femoral n. L 2-3• Arterial supply: Iliolumbar and Obturator a.
Gluteus maximus
Ori:1. Posterior iliac crest2. Postero-lateral sacrum3. Coccyx4. Sacrotuberous ligamentIns:-Iliotibial tract (band)-Gluteal tuberosity of femurFunction :-Extension of the thigh at the hip joint-Abd. of thigh @ the hip J. (upper 1/3)-Add of thigh @ the hip J. (Lower 2/3)-Lat. Rot of thigh @ the hip J.-Posterior tilt of pelvis @ the hip jointN : : Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
Ori:External surface of ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal linesIns : Greater trochanter of the femurFun :Abd of thight (entire M)Flex of thigh (ant fiber)Med Rot of thigh (ant fibers)Ext of thigh (post fibers)Lat Rot of thight (post fibers)N : Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus
Ori: Gluteal surface of ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal linesIns: Anterior surface of greater trochanterFun :Abd of thight (entire M)Flex of thigh (ant fiber)Med Rot of thigh (ant fibers)Ext of thigh (post fibers)Lat Rot of thight (post fibers)N : Superior gluteal nerve
Tensor fascia lata
Ori: - ASIS- Anterior part of iliac crestIns : ITB (1/3rd of the way down)Fun : 1. Flex of thigh @ the hip J2. Abd of thigh @ the hip J3. Med Rot of thigh @ the hip K4. Helps to keep the knee joint locked (extension)N : Superior gluteal nerve
Biceps femoris
Ori:-long head: Ischial Tuberosity-short head: Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge of femur- Ins: Head of fibula, Lateral condyle of the tibia- Fun:1. Flex of leg @ knee J (entire M)2. Ext of thigh @ hip J. (Long head)3, Lat. Rot. of leg @ knee J. (when knee is flexed)4. Posterior tilt of pelvis @ the hip joint (long head)N : Tibial (long head) and common peroneal (short)
Semitendinosus
-Ori: Ischial tuberosity-Ins: Proximal part of the medial surface of the shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)- Fun :1. Flex of leg @ knee J2. Ext of thigh @ hip J3. Med Rot of leg @ knee J(when knee is flexed)4. Posterior tilt of pelvis @ the hip jointN : Tibial
Semimembranosus
-Ori : Ischial tuberosity-Ins: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibiaFun : 1. Flex of leg @ knee J2. Ext of thigh @ hip J3. Med Rot of leg @ knee J(when knee is flexed)4. Posterior tilt of pelvis @ the hip jointN : Tibial
Sartorius
Ori : Anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS)Ins: Proximal anteromedial tibia, (forms Pes anserine tendon)Fun : 1. Flex of thigh @ hip J2. Abd of thigh @ hip J3. Lat Rot of thigh @ hip J4. Flex of leg @ knee J5. Med Rot of elg @ knee JN : Femoral N
Rectus femoris
- Ori: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)- Ins: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament (tendon) - Fun: 1. Ext of leg @ knee J2. Flex of thigh @ hip JN : Femoral
Vastus lateralis
Ori: Lateral lip of linea aspera of femur- Ins: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament (tendon)- Fun: Ext of the leg at the knee JN : Femoral
Vastus medialis
- Ori: Medial lip of linea aspera- Ins: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament (tendon)- Fun: Extension of leg @ knee JN : Femoral
Adductor longus
Ori : PubisIns : Middle 1/3 of the medial lip of linea asperaFun : 1. Flex of thigh @ hip J2. Adduction of thigh @ hip JN : Obturator nerve
Adductor magnus
Ori : Pubis and IschiumIns : Linea aspera, Gluteal tuberosity, Medial supracondylar line, Adductor tubercle of femurFun : Adduction of thigh, Flex of thigh, Ext of thighN : Obturator and tibial N
Gracilis
Ori: pubis- Ins: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)- Fun:1. Flexion of thigh2. Adduction of thigh3. Flexion of leg4. Medial rotation of legN : Obturator nerve
Tibialis anterior
- Ori:Proximal lateral surface of tibia- Ins:Plantar aspect of the 1st metatarsal, Medial cuneiform- Fun : Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J, inversion of foot @ subtalar JN : Deep fibular
Fibularis (peroneus ) tertius
- Ori: Distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane - Ins: Base of the 5th metatarsal-Fun : Dorsiflexion of foot, Eversion of foot-N : Deep fibular nerve
Fibularis (Peroneus) longus
Ori : Head of fibular, Proximal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibulaIns : Plantar aspect of the base of the 1st metatarsal, 1st (medial) cuneiformFun : Eversion of foot @ subtalar J, Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle JN : Superficial fibular
Fibularis (Peroneus) brevis
- Ori: Distal 1⁄2 of lateral surface of fibula- Ins: Base (Tuberosity) of the 5th metatarsal bone- Fun : 1. Eversion of foot @ subtalar J2. Planter flexion of foot @ ankle JN : Superficial fibular nerve
Gastrocnemius
- Ori:Medial head: Medial condyle of femurLateral head: Lateral condyle of femur- Ins: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon-Fun : Plantar flex of foot, Flex of leg-N : Tibial N
Soleus
- Ori: Head & proximal 1/3 of fibula, Soleal line of the tibia.- Ins: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon-Fun : Plantarflexion of the foot @ the ankle J-N : Tibial N
Plantaris
- Ori: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur- Ins: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon - Fun: Flexion of leg, Plantar flexion of foot- N: Tibial nerve
Tibialis posterior
Ori : Proximal posterior aspect of tibia, fibulaIns : everything on the foot except for 1st and 5th metatarsal and TalusFun : Plantar flexion of foot, inversion of footN : Tibial N