Block 6 Recap BacT Mycobacteria

Mycobacteria are gram _______ aerobic acid fast bacteria.

postive

Although mycobacteria are resistant to harsh environments they are susceptible to...

pasteurization

What are the 3 major disease associated with mycobacteria?

TB, Johne's disease, feline leprosy

What are the 4 mycobacteria of importance?

M. tuberculosis (humans)M. bovis M. avium complex (poultry)M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

What is important to remember when culturing MAP?

very slow up to 16 weeks and requires Mycobactin

What is of significance when culturing M. avium complex?

grows from 37-43

How does liquid culture using BACTEC affect mycobacteria culturing?

significantly faster growth in 10-20 days

How do you diagnose mycobacteria?

PCR and culture

Johne's disease is caused by what ?

MAP

In what two ways does tuberculosis appear in humans?

Pulomonary disease in people with reactivated infectionsCervical lymphadenopathy in lymph nodes of children

What are the reservoir host for TB in UK and Ireland ?

badgers

What are the reservoir host for TB in new zealand?

oppossum

What are the reservoir host for TB in the michigan?

white tailed deer

How do Bovine TB surive within macrophages?

cell wall glycoprotein block phagolysosomal fusion resulting in granulomatous inflammation

Granuloma facilitates the interaction between macrophages and ______ .

T cells

How does TB disseminate?

from macrophage migration containing mycobacteria

How is Bovine TB transmitted to calves and cats?

Tuberculous mastitis

For TB skin test on live cattle Tuberculin aka _________ is injected into the caudal tail fold.

purified protein derivative (PPD)

An increase in skin thickness following a PPD test that exceeds the avian PPD by _____ or more mm is evidence of TB infection.

4mm

How long after innoculation do you wait for results of PPD test?

72 hours

How does Gamma interferon or ELISA help with serological testing of Bovine tuberculosis?

Gamma allows for early detection while ELISA detects later stages of infection

At what site is Avian PPD test performed on poultry?

skin of wattle

Johne's disease or Paratuberculosis (MAP) causes what in cattle?

chronic contagious fatal enteritis resulting in diarrhea and progressive weight loss

Johne's disease is excreted in ____ and ____ and resistance increases with ____ , but maintained within herd by ____>

feces and colostrum/milkwith agesubclinically infected animals

Describe the infection of Johne's disease?

upon ingestion it enters the Peyers patches and provokes chronic granulomatous enteritis

How do the intestines appear with MAP?

thickened and corrugated with enlarged lympth nodes

Where do you sample from animals for MAP pre and post mortem?

Pre: scrapings and pinch biopsies around rectum or fecesPost: tissue from intestines and lymph nodes

What is one preventative measure for MAP?

separate calves from dams at birth and rear isolated for 2 years

Rickettsia are obligate intracellular pathogens that are ______ transmitted.

arthropod

What is the reservoir for rickettsia?

rodents and small mammals

What are the two groups of the genus rickettsia?

Spotted feverTyphus

R. Rickettsii causes what condition?

rocky mountain spotted fever

The domestic cycle for RMSF is maintained between ___ and ___ while the sylvatic is between _____ nd ______.

dogs and humansrodents and small mammals

What is the pathogensis of RMSF

endothelial cell damage resulting in vasculitis and DIC

Limb edema , petechia of mucosa in dogs and skin rash in humans are all symptoms of what?

RMSF

Cat flea typhus like illness has a sylvatic cycle maintained by what?

opossums

How does Cat-flea typhus like illness appear in humans?

maculopapular rash just like RMSF

R. typhi causes what?

murine typhus

How does R. typhi present in people? What is the reservoir? How is it transmitted?

Eschar and lymphadenomegalyRodents, oppossums and catsScratch containing flea feces

Anaplasmataceae are intracellular organisms that parasitize what?

blood cells: leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets

What distinctive feature do Anaplasma form within cells?

morulas

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a granulocytic anaplasmosis that infects what type of cells?

Neutrophils

What is the pathogenicity of Anaplasmosis?

Thrombocytopeniamusculoskeletal pain

Canine cyclic thrombocytopenia is caused by what bacteria? How often does it occur?

anaplasma platys1-2 week intervals

Bovine anaplasmosis is mainly caused by what? Are calves or adults cattle for susceptible?

Anaplasma marginaleCalves are more resistant

Ehrlichia canis causes what condition?

canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

What is the vector for ehrlichia canis? and when is it most common?

R. sanguines warm season

What three conditions are caused by canine monocytic ehrlichiosis?

1. anemia and hyperglobulinemia2. thrombocytopenia (platelet consumption)3. pancytopenia (bone marrow suppresion)

How does Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis present?

generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegalyocular lesions, neurological signs

Granulocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by ehrlichia ewingii. What is the host species? what is the reservoir? and what does it cause?

H: humans and dogsR: white tailed deeracute lameness and polyarthritis

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis. What is the reservoir and what does it cause?

R: white tailed deerfever, headache, thrombycytopenia and leukopenia

Diagnosis of ehrlichia and anaplasma.

Serology good for chronic and subclinical PCR preferred from blood or tissues to confirm infections

Potomac fever is caused by what bacteria? What season is it most prevelant? what is the vector? What cells are affected?

Neorickettsia risticiiFresh water snails and trematodesenterocytes and monocytes

What condition does Neorickettsia risticii cause>

hemorrhagic enterocolitis

For neorickettsia helminthoeca what is the reservoir and what is the vector?

R: snailV: trematode