Mycobacteria are gram _______ aerobic acid fast bacteria.
postive
Although mycobacteria are resistant to harsh environments they are susceptible to...
pasteurization
What are the 3 major disease associated with mycobacteria?
TB, Johne's disease, feline leprosy
What are the 4 mycobacteria of importance?
M. tuberculosis (humans)M. bovis M. avium complex (poultry)M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis
What is important to remember when culturing MAP?
very slow up to 16 weeks and requires Mycobactin
What is of significance when culturing M. avium complex?
grows from 37-43
How does liquid culture using BACTEC affect mycobacteria culturing?
significantly faster growth in 10-20 days
How do you diagnose mycobacteria?
PCR and culture
Johne's disease is caused by what ?
MAP
In what two ways does tuberculosis appear in humans?
Pulomonary disease in people with reactivated infectionsCervical lymphadenopathy in lymph nodes of children
What are the reservoir host for TB in UK and Ireland ?
badgers
What are the reservoir host for TB in new zealand?
oppossum
What are the reservoir host for TB in the michigan?
white tailed deer
How do Bovine TB surive within macrophages?
cell wall glycoprotein block phagolysosomal fusion resulting in granulomatous inflammation
Granuloma facilitates the interaction between macrophages and ______ .
T cells
How does TB disseminate?
from macrophage migration containing mycobacteria
How is Bovine TB transmitted to calves and cats?
Tuberculous mastitis
For TB skin test on live cattle Tuberculin aka _________ is injected into the caudal tail fold.
purified protein derivative (PPD)
An increase in skin thickness following a PPD test that exceeds the avian PPD by _____ or more mm is evidence of TB infection.
4mm
How long after innoculation do you wait for results of PPD test?
72 hours
How does Gamma interferon or ELISA help with serological testing of Bovine tuberculosis?
Gamma allows for early detection while ELISA detects later stages of infection
At what site is Avian PPD test performed on poultry?
skin of wattle
Johne's disease or Paratuberculosis (MAP) causes what in cattle?
chronic contagious fatal enteritis resulting in diarrhea and progressive weight loss
Johne's disease is excreted in ____ and ____ and resistance increases with ____ , but maintained within herd by ____>
feces and colostrum/milkwith agesubclinically infected animals
Describe the infection of Johne's disease?
upon ingestion it enters the Peyers patches and provokes chronic granulomatous enteritis
How do the intestines appear with MAP?
thickened and corrugated with enlarged lympth nodes
Where do you sample from animals for MAP pre and post mortem?
Pre: scrapings and pinch biopsies around rectum or fecesPost: tissue from intestines and lymph nodes
What is one preventative measure for MAP?
separate calves from dams at birth and rear isolated for 2 years
Rickettsia are obligate intracellular pathogens that are ______ transmitted.
arthropod
What is the reservoir for rickettsia?
rodents and small mammals
What are the two groups of the genus rickettsia?
Spotted feverTyphus
R. Rickettsii causes what condition?
rocky mountain spotted fever
The domestic cycle for RMSF is maintained between ___ and ___ while the sylvatic is between _____ nd ______.
dogs and humansrodents and small mammals
What is the pathogensis of RMSF
endothelial cell damage resulting in vasculitis and DIC
Limb edema , petechia of mucosa in dogs and skin rash in humans are all symptoms of what?
RMSF
Cat flea typhus like illness has a sylvatic cycle maintained by what?
opossums
How does Cat-flea typhus like illness appear in humans?
maculopapular rash just like RMSF
R. typhi causes what?
murine typhus
How does R. typhi present in people? What is the reservoir? How is it transmitted?
Eschar and lymphadenomegalyRodents, oppossums and catsScratch containing flea feces
Anaplasmataceae are intracellular organisms that parasitize what?
blood cells: leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets
What distinctive feature do Anaplasma form within cells?
morulas
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a granulocytic anaplasmosis that infects what type of cells?
Neutrophils
What is the pathogenicity of Anaplasmosis?
Thrombocytopeniamusculoskeletal pain
Canine cyclic thrombocytopenia is caused by what bacteria? How often does it occur?
anaplasma platys1-2 week intervals
Bovine anaplasmosis is mainly caused by what? Are calves or adults cattle for susceptible?
Anaplasma marginaleCalves are more resistant
Ehrlichia canis causes what condition?
canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
What is the vector for ehrlichia canis? and when is it most common?
R. sanguines warm season
What three conditions are caused by canine monocytic ehrlichiosis?
1. anemia and hyperglobulinemia2. thrombocytopenia (platelet consumption)3. pancytopenia (bone marrow suppresion)
How does Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis present?
generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegalyocular lesions, neurological signs
Granulocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by ehrlichia ewingii. What is the host species? what is the reservoir? and what does it cause?
H: humans and dogsR: white tailed deeracute lameness and polyarthritis
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis. What is the reservoir and what does it cause?
R: white tailed deerfever, headache, thrombycytopenia and leukopenia
Diagnosis of ehrlichia and anaplasma.
Serology good for chronic and subclinical PCR preferred from blood or tissues to confirm infections
Potomac fever is caused by what bacteria? What season is it most prevelant? what is the vector? What cells are affected?
Neorickettsia risticiiFresh water snails and trematodesenterocytes and monocytes
What condition does Neorickettsia risticii cause>
hemorrhagic enterocolitis
For neorickettsia helminthoeca what is the reservoir and what is the vector?
R: snailV: trematode