hydroxyl group
0
carbonyl group
0
alkoxy group
0
amino group
0
aldehyde
0
ketone
0
alcohol
0
carboxylic acid
0
ester
0
ether
0
amide
0
anhydride
0
isopropyl
0
isobutyl
0
neopentyl
0
sec-butyl
0
methane
0
ethane
0
propane
0
butane
0
pentane
0
hexane
0
heptane
0
octane
0
ethanol
common name: ethyl alcohol
isopropyl alcohol
formal name: 2-propanol
formaldehyde
formal name: methanal
acetaldehyde
formal name: ethanal
propionaldehyde
formal name: propanal
acetone
formal name: 2-propanone, dimethyl ketone
formic acid
formal name: methanoic acid
acetic acid
formal name: ethanoic acid
propionic acid
formal name: propanoic acid
flowchart of isomer relationships
0
anti staggered conformation
0
gauche staggered conformation
0
eclipsed conformation
0
totally eclipsed conformation
0
potential energy vs. degree of rotation about the C-2 to C-3 bond in butane
0
puckered cyclobutane
0
envelope cyclopentane
0
chair cyclohexane
0
boat cyclohexane
0
twist-boat cyclohexane
0
half-chair cyclohexane
0
chair flip
0
cis vs. trans isomers
0
optical activity
0
meso compound
0
bonding vs. antibonding orbital
0
sigma bond
0
pi bond
0
sp3-hybridized orbitals
0
sp2-hybridized orbitals
0
sp-hybridized orbitals
figure 3.7 (pg 70)
acid-base definitions
0
Lewis acid-base reaction
0
mechanism of SN1 reaction
0
mechanism of SN2 reaction
0
isobutyl alcohol
formal name: 2-methyl-1-propanol
phenol
0
o-bromophenol
0
m-cresol
0
p-nitrophenol
0
Jones oxidation
0
mesylate
0
tosylate
0
protection of a ketone by ketal formation using a dialcohol
0
quinone
0
hydroxyquinone
0
ubiquinone
0
ubiquinol
0
butyraldehyde
formal name: butanal
valeraldehyde
formal name: pentanal
ethylmethylketone
formal name: 2-butanone
hemiacetal
0
hemiketal
0
acetal
...
ketal
0
acetal vs. ketal
0
imine
0
enamine
0
imine vs. enamine
0
cyanohydrin
0
keto vs. enol
0
tautomerization
0
oxalic acid
formal name: ethanedioic acid
malonic acid
formal name: propanedioic acid
succinic acid
formal name: butanedioic acid
lactams
left to right: β, γ, δ, ε
ethyl acetate
formal name: ethyl ethanoate
lactones
left to right: α, β, γ, δ
ethanoic anhydride
0
carboxylic acid salt (soap)
0
N-ethyl-N-methylbutanamide
0
N,N-dimethylethanamide
0
N-methylpropanamide
0
ethyl ethanoate
0
phthalic anhydride
0
succinic anhydride
0