what are the functions of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
How does the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system affect the heart?
sympathetic: increases heart rate parasympathetic: slows down heart rate
for the heart the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves along with visceral sensory nerves for the...
cardiac plexus
How does the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system affect the lungs
sympathetic: bronchodilation of smooth muscle in bronchial tree parasympathetic: bronchoconstriction of smooth muscle in bronchial tree
for the lung the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves along with the visceral sensory nerves form the...
left and right pulmonary plexuses
How does the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system affect the digestive tract
sympathetic: inhibits peristalsis and constricts GI blood vessels parasympathetic: stimulates peristalsis and secretion
for the digestive tract the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves along with the visceral sensory nerves form the...
the esophageal, celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric plexuses
the digestive tract includes
foregut, midgut, hindgut
splanchnic nerves synpase at what level
prevertebral level
visceral sensory neurons consist of a cell body in the
dorsal ganglion
visceral sensory cell body and fibers convey
stretch and ischemia to CNS
cardiac pain is conveyed by visceral sensory fibers that follow sympathetic pathway retrograde goes
travel alongside cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve -> paravertebral of the sympathetic trunk - > white ramus communicans ->ventral ramus -> spinal nerve -> dorsal root to reach spinal
cardiac referred pain is a phenomenon whereby visceral pain is perceived as pain arising from....
superficial part of the body (dermatome) and may refer to different body regions (head, neck, upper extremity)
foregut pain typically refers to the area at and...
inferior location on the anterior abdominal wall
appendicitis pain first presents as...
diffuse periumbilical pain (referred to T10 dermatome) however as parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed the somatic sensory innervation of parietal peritoneum and localizes the pain to the right lower quadrant
For the parasympathetic pathways to the lungs, heart, foregut, and midgut where are the preganglionic cell bodies located
the preganglionic cell bodies are located in the brain for the parasympathetic pathways to the lungs, heart, foregut, and midgut
For the parasympathetic pathways to the lungs, heart, foregut, and midgut where are the preganglionic fibers located
the preganglionic fibers are located in the vagus nerve (CN X) for the parasympathetic pathways to the lungs, heart, foregut, and midgut
For the parasympathetic pathways to the lungs, heart, foregut, and midgut where are the postganglionic cell bodies and fibers located
the postganglioic cell bodies and fibers are located in the wall of target organ for the parasympathetic pathways to the lungs, heart, foregut, and midgut
Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located for the parasympathetic pathways for hindgut
The preganglionic cell bodies are located in the intermediate gray matter at S2-S4 segments of the spinal cord for the parasympathetic pathways for hindgut
Where are the preganglionic fibers located for the parasympathetic pathways for hindgut
preganglionic fibers begin in the ventral root -> spinal nerve -> ventral ramus -> pelvic splanchnic nerves for the hindgut in the parasympathetic pathway
Where are the postganglionic cell bodies and fibers located for the parasympathetic pathways for hindgut
The postganglionic cell bodies and fibers are located in the walls of target organs for the parasympathetic pathways for hindgut
Where are the preganglionic cell bodies for the lung in the sympathetic pathway
the preganglionic cell bodies are located in the lateral horn of the thoracic spinal cord for the lung in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the preganglionic cell bodies for the heart in the sympathetic pathway
the preganglionic cell bodies are located in the lateral horn of the thoracic spinal cord for the heart in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the preganglionic fibers for the lung in the sympathetic pathway
preganglionic fibers are first located in the ventral root -> spinal nerve -> ventral ramus -> white ramus communicans -> sympathetic trunk for the lung in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the preganglionic fibers for the heart in the sympathetic pathway
preganglionic fibers are first located in the ventral root -> spinal nerve -> ventral ramus -> white ramus communicans -> sympathetic trunk for the heart in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the postganglionic cell bodies for the lung in the sympathetic pathway
The postganglionic cell bodies are located in the upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk for the lung in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the postganglionic cell bodies for the heart in the sympathetic pathway
The postganglionic cell bodies are located in the upper thoracic and cervical paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk for the heart in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the postganglionic fibers for the lung in the sympathetic pathway
The postganglionic fibers are located in the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to target organ in the lung for the sympathetic pathway
Where are the postganglionic fibers for the heart in the sympathetic pathway
The postganglionic fibers are located in the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to target organ in the heart for the sympathetic pathway
Where are the preganglionic cell bodies in the sympathetic pathway for the foregut
The preganglionic cell bodies are located lateral horn of thoracic spinal cord for the sympathetic pathway for the foregut
Where are the preganglionic fibers located in the sympathetic pathway for the foregut
The preganglionic fibers are first located in the ventral root ->ventral ramus -> white ramus communicans -> sympathetic trunk -> greater thoracic splanchnic nerves for the foregut in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the postganglionic cell bodies located for the foregut in the sympathetic pathway
The postganglionic cell bodies are located in the celiac prevertebral ganglia associated with the abdominal aorta
Where are the postganglionic fibers located for the foregut in the sympathetic pathway
The postganglionic fibers are located following arterial branches to target organ for the foregut in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located in the sympathetic pathway for the midgut
The preganglionic cell bodies are located in the lateral horn of thoracic spinal cord for the midgut in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the preganglionic fibers located for the midgut in the sympathetic pathway
The preganglionic fibers are first located in the ventral root ->ventral ramus -> white ramus communicans -> sympathetic trunk -> greater, lesser, least thoracic splanchnic nerves for the midgut in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the postganglionic cell bodies located for the midgut in the sympathetic pathway
The postganglionic cell bodies are located in the prevertebral celiac or superior mesenteric ganglia associated with the abdominal aorta for the midgut in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the postganglionic fibers located for the midgut in the sympathetic pathway
The postganglionic fibers are located following the arterial branches to target organ for the midgut in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located for the hindgut in the sympathetic pathway
The preganglionic cell bodies are located in the lateral horn of lumbar spinal cord for the hindgut in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the preganglionic fibers located for the hindgut in the sympathetic pathway
The preganglionic fibers are first located in the ventral root ->ventral ramus -> white ramus communicans -> sympathetic trunk -> lumbar splanchnic nerves for the hindgut in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the postganglionic cell bodies located in the in the sympathetic pathway for the hindgut
postganglionic cell bodies located in the prevertebral inferior mesenteric ganglion associated with the abdominal aorta for the hindgut in the sympathetic pathway
Where are the postganglionic fibers located for the hindgut in the sympathetic pathway
The postganglionic fibers are located following the arterial branches to target organ for the hindgut in the sympathetic pathway